潜艇耐压环肋圆柱壳结构可靠性分析

对潜艇耐压圆柱壳结构进行可靠性分析时,首先应研究结构的承载能力,并综合要求、能力两个方面,计算其失效概率和可靠度。在能力方面,本文讨论了５种主要失效模式：肋骨和壳板总体失稳、肋间壳失稳、肋骨屈服、肋间壳屈服和肋骨侧向失稳。考虑了初挠度、屈服应力、弹性模量等７个基本随机变量的影响。在要求方面,结构载荷以确定值处理。本文计算分析了３种艇型耐压圆柱壳结构的可靠性。     

反对称铺层碳纤维复合材料圆柱壳的双稳态应力特性

双稳态复合材料可广泛应用于各类可变结构的设计。针对反对称铺层的圆柱壳,利用有限元软件ABAQUS的Standard准静态分析,模拟其双稳态跳变过程和跳回过程,探讨在整个连续过程中圆柱壳上的应力分布情况,以及应力随时间和载荷变化的趋势,从而对该类可变结构的设计起到指导作用。结果表明:该类复合材料圆柱壳跳变过程中最大应力出现在载荷施加点与约束点附近,第二稳态下应力关于板中心呈中心对称分布,最大应力沿板壳对角线出现在四个角内侧附近,而跳回过程中应力由第二稳态下的分布慢慢变为集中在约束点附近。而且整个圆柱壳上的最大应力时刻与最大载荷施加的时刻不重叠,具有滞后性。     

带肋园柱壳壳板局部减薄后的稳定性计算

本文是研究潜艇耐压船体壳板局部腐蚀对稳定的影响。潜艇耐压壳板腐蚀对稳定性的影响,过去一些资料中都把它作为均匀减薄来处理,因而耐压船体壳板稍有腐蚀,就使艇的极限下潜深度显著降低,例如某艇壳板腐蚀1mm,使艇的极限下潜深度下降10％。由于实际潜艇壳板腐蚀总是局部的,因而按均匀腐蚀来处理是比较保守的。为了合理的确定壳板局部腐蚀后的承载能力,对带肋圆柱壳壳板局部腐蚀后的稳定性进行了理论分析,并作了六个小比例精车模型试验,在此基础上提出了壳板局部腐蚀后的稳定性计算方法。本课题在模型试验中得到了华中工     

三种复合材料回转壳元素的分析比较

本文针对三种复合材料回转壳元素,即截锥壳元素、考虑转角连续性的截锥壳元素和三结点等参元素,全面地分析了它们的优缺点,考察了它们的协调性条件和完备性条件.通过数值计算比较了它们的收敛速度、收敛精度和计算时间,指出了它们的使用范围。     

均匀外压下纵横加筋曲板和圆柱壳的稳定性

建立了纵横加筋圆柱曲板和圆柱壳的弹性稳定性临界压力公式．对文献中关于大直径环肋薄壳的异常及潜艇实肋板带纵骨式耐压液舱壳板的稳定性进行了计算,并探讨筋条的偏心、纵筋数目的奇偶性对壳体稳定性的影响     

圆柱壳振动声辐射Jacobi-Ritz时域半解析法及特性分析

针对圆柱壳结构瞬态声振特性分析研究不足,结合Newmark-β积分法和Kirchhoff时域边界积分方程,提出一种圆柱壳受迫振动声辐射Jacobi-Ritz时域半解析法。基于一阶剪切变形理论和微元法思想,建立了圆柱壳振动声辐射分析模型,采取Jacobi多项式和Fourier级数表示轴向和周向位移容许函数,基于Rayleigh-Ritz法和Newmark-β积分法计算圆柱壳的受迫振动时域响应,在此基础上,基于Kirchhoff积分方程求解辐射噪声时域响应,分析圆柱壳受迫振动声辐射特性。与有限元方法/边界元方法数值结果对比表明,该方法具备收敛性好、精度高等优点,圆柱壳结构声振响应峰值随边界条件的刚度变弱存在左移现象,振动声辐射响应随厚度的增加呈现下降趋势;当随机载荷峰值频率与结构固有频率接近时,结构声振响应出现强特征线谱。     

壳间声桥刚度对双层圆柱壳声振耦合特性的影响

考虑实肋板的面内振动,建立了通过声桥耦合的双层圆柱壳声振模型,计算了双层圆柱壳在不同壳间连接刚度下的振声性能,分析了壳间声桥刚度对双层壳声振耦合特性的影响,得出了声桥耦合特性的主要控制频带.结果表明:壳间声桥刚度直接影响双层壳耦合方式;当实肋板刚度较大时,在低频,水层的耦合作用表现略强,在较高的频率范围,实肋板的耦合作用要大得多;当实肋板刚度较小,尤其是接近壳间流体的等效刚度时,壳间流体耦合作用较强,是主要的声传递通道,壳体辐射声功率较小,对减振降噪有利.在保证壳体刚度的情况下,尽量减小壳间连接刚度可有效降低壳体辐射噪声.     

复合材料偏心加筋壳特性分析

用任意加筋壳单元研究了复合材料偏心加筋壳结构的特性.研究表明,在结构几何尺寸已经确定的情况下,可以调整加强肋骨的偏心量,以改变加筋壳结构内部的受力和变形;调整加强肋骨的布置方式也是改变加筋壳结构强度和刚度的有效方法.     

超空泡航行体双层壳结构动力稳定性分析

针对超空泡航行体轴向受力特点,建立超空泡航行体双层壳结构有限元模型,对结构动力稳定性进行分析.数值计算表明,当壳间实肋板厚度增大或环向肋骨数量和尺寸增加时,动力失稳区域整体下移,不稳定激发频率下降,失稳区域宽度减小幅度较小;当壳间间距减小或纵向肋骨数量和尺寸增加时,双层壳结构动力不稳定激发频率上升,动力失稳区域宽度较大...     

夹芯复合材料圆柱壳在静水压力下的承载能力试验

为研究极限复合材料圆柱壳在静水压力下的损伤现象和机理,首先基于钢制耐压壳比重大以及声学和磁学性能差的缺点,提出了使用夹芯复合材料圆柱壳作为潜水器耐压壳的新型结构形式;然后,采用试验研究,比较了两种模量芯材的夹芯复合材料圆柱壳结构在静水压力下的承载能力;最后,根据两种壳体的特点,设计了两种不同的试验方案进行试验,得到了壳体的失效载荷,并通过应变片测定了壳体复合材料表层上相应测点在试验过程中的应变数据。得到以下结果:HW-S01壳体受到屈曲效应的破坏,而HW-055壳体由于局部复合材料应力过载而失效;HW-S01壳体的试验失效荷载为1.34 MPa,HW-055壳体的失效载荷为11.2 MPa。试验结果表明:该夹芯复合材料圆柱壳有能力承受超过1 000 m水深的静水压力,可以对大潜深潜水器全复合材料耐压壳的设计研究提供参考。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.