基于截尾正态分布的最大值指标精度换算方法

提出了基于截尾正态分布的最大值指标精度换算方法,为最大值指标与常用精度指标间的精度换算,以及真值测量系统精度指标的确定提供了参考依据。该方法假设系统输出序列中各观测点的合格概率服从对数截尾正态分布;根据给定最大值指标的置信水平及序列样本量,证明并推导了截尾正态分布之截尾上限、截尾下限、均值及标准偏差的计算公式,导出了最大值精度指标与 等常用精度指标间的换算关系,最后结合精密仪器有关理论给出了最大值指标下真值测量系统精度指标的确定方法。实例应用的实验结果表明,该方法是可行的。     

定时截尾与序贯截尾可靠性试验方案分析比较

在生产方、使用方风险及MTBF值同等条件下,对定时截尾与序贯截尾2种试验方案的优缺点、基本原理和方法等进行了对比分析。定时截尾试验能够在事先确定最大累计工作时间及所消耗资源,但所需时间较长,试验成本较高,可应用于武器装备可靠性鉴定和验收试验;序贯截尾试验事先对试验总时间及试验所需用资源无法确定,只能根据事先拟定的接收、拒收条件结束试验,无法估计MTBF的真值,但是所需试验时间较短,费用相对较低,可用于武器装备可靠性验收试验,也可广泛运用于医学及其它科学试验领域。提出了选择可靠性试验方案的基本原则,为科学选择试验方案提供了依据。     

维修时间截尾序贯验后加权检验的实现

截尾序贯验后加权检验是一种小子样检验方法,可用于装备维修性指标的验证。对于此检验方法,当需要求解决策阈值时,现有的基于数值逼近原理的方法存在的难题是积分变量中含有正态分布积分函数,它没有解析表达式,因此不能直接进行积分运算。为此,在满足检验精度的情况下,尝试将积分变量中的正态分布积分函数替换为与之近似的解析表达式,从而给出了一种求解决策阈值的可行方法。对某导弹平均修复时间指标进行验证的实例表明该方法是有效的。     

任意航向上的舰船磁场换算

本文提出了用两个主航向上舰船磁场测量数据来换算任意航向上任意深度下的舰船磁场的设想。针对静态磁场,提出了一种新的磁场换算方法即磁荷模型换算法。由于该法的模型更接近于物理模型,故该法建立模型容易,换算所需的测量数据少,换算精度高。对安装消磁系统的舰船其任意航向上的磁场换算,作者采用消磁系统绕组磁场和舰船本身磁场分别计算然后合成的处理方法。实验证明,本文提出的舰船任意航向上的磁场换算方法是可行的,换算精度能够满足工程实用要求。     

舰载雷达零位标校新法

对目前现有舰载火控雷达零位标校的方法和技术做了简单概述,提出了一种基于差分GPS、CCD、激光经纬仪等技术相结合的零位标校新法,给出了系统硬件组成和算法原理,对系统误差影响因素做了分析。实践标明此系统可以有效的克服由于舰体的摆动而对测量精度的影响,并极大的改善了标校的灵活性与机动性。标校系统测量真值位置精度优于50 cm,相应真值角度精度优于0.05 mrad,满足舰载雷达标校精度要求。     

枪械可靠性试验统计方案与参数估计研究

为了提高对枪械可靠性指标试验考核的系统性,对枪械故障分布规律进行了建模研究和特征分析,说明在使用寿命内可以用指数分布来近似;以指数分布为基础,运用可靠性工程理论和数学方法,开展了枪械定时截尾和序贯截尾两类试验统计方案的研究,举例说明了各试验要素的量化确定方法;对于定时截尾试验提出了枪械可靠性要求常用特征量故障率的点估计与区间估计公式,以便于定量地把握枪械的可靠性特征;通过实例应用验证了枪械可靠性试验统计方案与参数估计方法的可行性和有效性。     

基于舰艇基线及DGPS的雷达实时标校方法

针对舰载雷达标校真值测量困难、精度不高的问题,设计了一种利用舰艇基线数据和高精度差分GPS测量信息进行基线修正、坐标变换,实时计算雷达真值并标校的方法,给出了真值计算模型。测试验证结果表明,该方法得到的真值精度高,使用方便、快捷,不受环境制约,且可同时对多部舰载雷达进行标校,有效提高了舰载雷达标校效率。     

基于正交多项式拟合的火控系统动态精度检验

首先根据武器系统的作战使用范围和影响火控系统动态精度的主要因素,确定试验因素并将各试验因素划分为一定的水平,按照试验设计的方法确定试验航路.试验实施时,用武器系统载舰和目标上安装的数据录取设备和真值测量设备获取火控系统输出的射击诸元参数,以及载舰和靶标的位置参数,运动参数真值.数据处理时,将得到的真值代入该导弹火控系统...     

基于全站仪最佳布站的调炮精度检测方法

针对目前缺少火炮调炮精度检测方法的现状,提出了一种基于全站仪最佳布站的调炮精度检测方法,建立了全站仪测量系统的数学模型,推导了调炮精度检测方法的解算公式,根据火炮调炮范围确定了调炮精度检测中的测量区域,得出全站仪测量系统对于整个测量区域的测量不确定度,结合某型火炮设计了画图法优化过程,得到全站仪测量系统的最佳测量布站位置。精度仿真试验表明,该方法可对调炮精度进行检测,使最佳布站测量系统的精度高于随机布站的精度。     

基于双侧等截尾正态分布的均值-极差控制图

给出基于双侧等截尾正态分布的均值-极差控制图控制限的表达式,计算出参数估计使用的控制图系数表及样本量和子组容量的取值,最后给出基于正态分布和双侧等截尾正态分布两种情况下平均链长的比较。     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.