GPS姿态测量系统对惯性导航系统误差修正能力分析

针对惯性导航系统(INS)存在积累误差的缺陷,运用GPS姿态测量辅助修正方法对INS误差进行补偿来进一步提高INS的定位精度.通过对INS系统可观测性进行分析,得出增加不同种类的外部导航信息观测量将有效提高INS误差修正能力的结论.研究了船用INS与GPS姿态测量系统组合的组合导航系统,并对GPS姿态测量系统信息对惯性导航系统的误差修正能力进行了仿真.仿真结果证实上述方法可有效提高INS的定位精度.     

巡航导弹INS/视觉组合导航方法

巡航导弹仅依靠惯性导航系统进行导航时,其导航误差将随着时间的累积不断变大。INS/GPS是最常用的组合导航方式,但存在战时不可用的缺陷。为此提出了一种基于EKF的巡航导弹INS/视觉组合导航方法。利用巡航导弹相对于单个已知点地标的视觉信息(方位角和高度角)和高度信息,巡航导弹INS的位置和速度误差能够同时被估计出来。最后,仿真验证了该方法的有效性。     

无人飞行器异源图像匹配辅助惯性导航定位技术综述

无全球定位系统下高精度定位与导航是飞行器实现自主侦查、巡航与打击的关键。视觉导航具有被动、低成本、能避免累积误差等优点。视觉导航与惯性导航融合更能够发挥出各自的优势,达到高精度定位的目的。总结了异源图像匹配辅助惯性导航的飞行器定位技术的发展历程; 从相机-惯导标定技术、异源图像匹配、姿态解算、数据融合和后端优化五个方面详细阐述了异源图像匹配辅助惯性导航的飞行器定位的关键技术; 指出了基于深度学习的异源图像匹配与惯性导航两种无源定位组合导航系统融合技术等四个未来可能的发展方向,可为实现异源图像匹配辅助惯性导航飞行器定位技术提供参考。     

自旋载体中的超紧组合GNSS接收机跟踪环路设计

自旋载体是全球导航卫星系统接收机的一种典型应用。当全球导航卫星系统载体自旋时,旋转产生的高阶动态将导致传统跟踪环路失锁;全球导航卫星系统与惯性导航系统组合可以有效补偿信号的高阶动态。因此,提出了一种利用惯性导航信息辅助卫星导航信号跟踪的超紧组合导航接收机环路设计方法,并分析了惯性导航信息辅助速率、自旋载体转速和信号载波相位误差之间的关系。通过仿真验证了所提接收机环路结构可以有效解决自旋载体接收机的信号跟踪问题,且相比于卫星导航单系统三阶环路而言,所提超紧组合环路结构可以显著提升自旋载体接收机的定位精度。     

车载定位定向技术应用现状

简要论述了车载定位定向系统现有技术及对其未来发展的展望,包括各大卫星导航系统和惯性导航系统。描述了定位定向导航系统相关的三个关键技术。     

图像辅助智能终端定位的国内外研究进展

图像含有丰富的目标信息,被获取并处理后用于一种新型的智能终端定位手段。对图像定位的相关概念进行介绍,对关键技术的研究情况进行评述,并分别从图像定位作为独立的定位系统和图像定位与全球导航卫星系统(Global Navigation Satellite System,GNSS)及惯性导航系统(Inertial Navigation System,INS)等其他定位方法融合的定位系统2个方面阐述其研究进展,在此基础上提出图像辅助智能终端定位研究中存在的问题及发展方向。     

军用飞机惯性导航技术的发展

<正>军用机载导航领域对导航系统有高精度、自主性和抗干扰的要求,特别是在复杂电子战环境下,要求导航系统必须具备不依赖卫星、无线电导航的高精度自主导航能力,持续输出位置、速度、姿态等导航信息。机载惯性导航系统作为主要的自主导航手段,近年来不断取得技术上的突破和进展。1军用机载惯性导航技术的发展历程机载惯性导航系统最早起始于20世纪50年代,最先以平台式惯导的形式出现,1950年5月美国北美航空公司奥拓奈蒂克斯分公司在C-47军用运输机上装备XN1纯惯性导航系统,揭开了机载惯性导航的帷幕,随后于1961年,美国在F-104战斗机配装了首个战斗机机载平台式液浮陀螺惯性导航系统LN3。     

船舶操纵模拟器立体视景系统理论、方法和实现的研究

在船舶操纵模拟器中,视景系统的立体显示为场景中物体的空间关系提供重要的视觉信息,并大大地增强了三维场景的真实感。分析了立体显示方法的原理,介绍了多通道立体显示系统所需的设备及环境,提出了基于Vega的船舶操纵模拟器的立体显示视景系统结构框架,阐述了Vega中场景初始化的方法及立体显示参数的设置,并实现了基于Vega的船舶操纵模拟器视景系统的立体显示,提高了船舶操纵模拟器视景系统的逼真度。     

镜头表面附着雨滴的检测和去除方法综述

视觉系统是自主无人系统的重要组成部分,附着在相机镜头表面的雨滴会在图像中产生伪影,造成图像质量退化,进而显著影响视觉系统的性能。为此全面深入地调研了近年来附着雨滴的检测和去除方法,凝练了附着雨滴检测和去除问题的本质,并总结了现有方法中使用的雨滴成像模型;从基于模型、基于数据驱动和基于摄像系统三个方向分类梳理了不同的技术方法;从网络架构和损失函数两个方面详细概述了深度网络模型的发展;汇总了现有文献中公开的附着雨滴数据集,并通过实验结果对部分算法的性能进行比较;讨论了检测和去除附着雨滴任务中存在的主要问题,并对该领域未来可能的发展方向进行了展望。     

以数据为中心的C~4ISR系统体系结构开发方法

体系结构开发方法研究是当前C4ISR系统体系结构技术研究的一个热点,在总结现有相关问题的基础上,提出了以数据为中心的C4ISR系统体系结构开发方法的定义,并提出了该方法的开发过程.将体系结构开发分为初始化、数据分析、数据设计和数据验证四个阶段,并详细说明了各个阶段主要完成的任务及其常用的方法.最后对以数据为中心的体系结构开发方法的发展进行了总结和展望.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.