Agent目标判别的神经网络-证据理论法

重点研究了目标识别领域中证据理论与模糊神经网络相结合的多Agent数据融合方法.作为传统Bayes理论的推广,证据理论由于满足更弱的信息来源条件,尤其是在区分不确定与未知方面显示了很大的灵活性,因此备受关注.然而,基本可信度的分配是一个与实际应用密切相关的问题,也是较难操作的一步.本文通过对模糊神经网络的训练来处理证据理论的基本可信度分配问题,经计算机仿真表明这是一种行之有效的方法.     

一种改进的证据合成方法及其在模糊评估中的应用

针对证据理论在模糊评估中的应用问题,分析了经典D-S证据合成规则和现有改进方法的不足,提出了一种更为适宜的证据合成方法。该方法通过证据间的夹角余弦计算证据间的相似系数,从而获得证据的可信度。通过对证据权重和可信度的对比与融合,确定各证据在冲突概率分配中的权重。通过冲突概率的全局分配对证据进行合成。实例分析表明,该方法不仅能够处理高度冲突证据,还能保证指标间的相对重要性不被可信度所过度地影响,从而提高了模糊评估的可靠性与合理性,降低决策风险。     

基于证据融合的雷达发射机健康评估

针对在多种不确定性因素下的雷达发射机健康状态评估问题,在综合考虑指标可测性的基础上,建立了新的雷达发射机健康状态评估指标体系。采用一种改进证据理论的多指标融合方法进行雷达健康状态评估,通过各实测数据隶属函数转化得到基本可信度分配,避免了传统方法中评估指标基本可信度函数分配的主观性和局限性,然后利用改进的D-S证据理论对指标进行融合,实验结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于模糊逻辑和证据理论的故障诊断方法

针对故障诊断过程中信息损失的问题和D-S证据理论在处理模糊信息时的局限性,在模糊逻辑的基础上,将决策级信息融合技术应用于故障诊断系统中,提出了一种基于模糊逻辑和D-S证据理论相结合的多传感器信息融合综合故障诊断方法。该方法以模糊隶属函数来实现基本可信度分配,充分利用各种传感器的冗余和互补信息,可显著提高故障诊断的准确率,实例验证了该方法的合理性和有效性。     

基于改进的 D-S 证据理论在设备故障诊断中的应用

多传感器、多手段检测的信息融合技术在设备检测中的应用日益广泛,而常用的基于D-S证据理论的融合技术除了没有给出可信度的分配方法外,融合结果上还有很多不足之处。探讨了可信度的分配问题,提出了几种改进的融合方法,较好地解决了证据冲突时的否定性、积化性和敏感性问题。     

基于改进D-S证据理论的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对单一分类器进行故障诊断时诊断精度不高、随机性强的问题,提出一种基于改进D-S证据理论的滚动轴承故障诊断方法,构建了信息融合诊断框架。首先,利用BP神经网络、支持向量机、径向基神经网络构建初步诊断层,将提取的特征信息进行初步诊断;然后,利用改进的D-S证据理论构建融合诊断层,将初步诊断层的诊断结果进行融合,并根据诊断规则得到最终的诊断结果;最后,采用不同的信息融合方法对滚动轴承故障数据进行对比研究。试验结果表明:使用改进D-S证据理论的滚动轴承故障诊断方法能够有效提高证据可信度,降低不确定性,提高故障诊断精度和故障诊断模型的鲁棒性。     

基于证据理论的无人机光电侦察设备故障诊断

针对无人机光电侦察设备故障类型多样性以及故障信息不确定性等问题,从信息融合的角度出发,运用证据理论对光电侦察设备故障进行诊断.依据故障统计数据和专家评判矩阵获取基本概率分配,利用证据可信度修正最初的概率分配,再利用证据融合公式得到综合故障诊断结果.最后通过实例验证了该方法的可行性.     

一种基于相似性测度的证据合成公式

针对经典D-S规则融合冲突证据时会出现结果有悖于常理的问题,提出一种基于相似性测度的证据合成公式。利用相似性测度构造证据源可信度,进而得到焦元可信度。将焦元可信度作为冲突信度分配系数以改进合成公式,利用改进的合成公式对证据源进行数据融合。算例结果表明,该方法能有效解决冲突性证据的融合问题,较之以往方法具有收敛性强和可靠性高的优点。     

基于AHP-PCR5的多传感器目标识别

目标识别系统中所获得的信息常常是高度冲突和不确定的。基于DSmT理论的多传感器目标识别,可以解决证据高度冲突情况下的信息融合问题。然而由于DSmT理论融合结果分类精细而不利于判决,需要将某些分类结果进行重新分配。层次分析法(AHP)包含不确定知识矩阵,生成基本信度分配函数。基于此提出AHP-PCR5方法进行证据高度冲突情况下多传感器综合目标识别,不仅提高识别精度,降低识别过程的不确定因素,同时引入折扣系数灵活处理识别过程中具有不同可信度的多传感器融合问题。     

基于定性信息的装备技术状态评估

利用定性信息对装备技术状态进行评估是提高评估时效性的有效手段.通过对装备技术状态评估研究现状的分析,论证了运用D-S证据理论进行装备技术状态评估的可行性.结合D-S证据理论的特点,提出了适用于装备技术状态评估的可信度分配策略.采用基于投影的证据融合方法,以解决传统D-S证据理论在融合高冲突证据时的缺陷.在评价决策中运用最大基本信度状态评价准则进行评价决策.最后,将提出的分析方法,应用于某具体装备的技术状态评估中,验证了该方法的有效性.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.