混合战争背景下我国人防工程的使命

传统战争的胜负很大程度上取决于双方正规军事力量的对比，而进入21世纪，战争形态和冲突环境日益复杂，混合战争成为主要形式。通过对混合战争特点的分析，论证了人防工程在应对混合战争中所处的地位，以及人防工程需要在保障范围、应对手段和保障能力三个方面做出改进。并且论证了为应对混合战争所需新增的工程和设施类型、拓展的设施防御标准以及在提升平战结合标准和增加常备设施方面的要求。现有的人防工程对与混合战争的因对存在着诸多的不足，但通过增设少量类型的信息化设施和提升防御标准可以达到较高的应对标准，为国防力量提供坚实的支撑。     

混合战争背景下人防工程周界防御体系探讨

进入2020年代,全球化、多极化和信息化正推动国家间冲突加剧延伸至非传统战争领域,当前混合战争的威胁日渐增长.我国的人民防空系统承担保护人民群众生命安全、维护生产生活正常秩序的重要责任.从袭击者角度出发,策划针对人防工程的非传统方式袭击是混合战争中极有可能采取的重要策略之一.本文通过探讨城市人防工程设施周界面临的各类非...     

进一步提高人防工程的防护能力

人防工程是战时防御敌空袭、掩蔽人员和物资,保存战争潜力的重要设施。在高技术条件下的局部战争中,提高人防工程的防护能力,应注意解决以下几个问题。 一是要注意人防工程的布局和规模。工程布局和规模直接关系到战争功能的发挥和工程生存能力的高低。现代高技术常规空袭兵器突防能力强,战争爆发突然,我们可以得到的预警时间将是很短的。这就     

人防向民防转变应强化三种意识

人类的生存与发展总是伴随着战争和自然灾害的威胁。建立完善的灾害应急救援体系,积极推进我国人防向民防转变,对于应付战争和自然灾害的威胁具有重要意义。 一、人防向民防转变受国家利益所驱,应强化与时俱进的紧迫意识 人防作为国防建设的组成部分,其基本职责是保护国家战争潜力,保护人民群众生命财产,减少因战争空袭造成的损失,保护国家安全稳定。目前,我国的国际国内     

切莫任意毁坏人防工程

编辑同志:笔者发现不少地方在新建住房时,任意毁掉钢筋混凝土质人防工程现象严重。人防工事是重要的战备设施,是国防建设的有机组成部分。海湾战争中伊拉克人防充分证明:如果没有坚固的人防工程,空袭中就会导致战争潜力大量损失,     

引入攻防树思想的“软目标”恐怖袭击风险建模

为评估"软目标"恐怖袭击风险,提高"软目标"防恐安全性,以供反恐部门决策参考,设计了一种基于攻防树的"软目标"恐怖袭击风险评估模型。针对不同的袭击方式和防御策略,构建了各类攻击结点和防御结点,对两类结点的动态交互影响因素进行了参数设定,生成了攻击防御树,引入了攻击回报(ROA)、防御回报(ROD)的概念,通过计算各场景下遇袭概率、攻防成本、攻防回报值,对有安检区域和无安检区域的人群遇袭风险进行了仿真、评估和比较。仿真结果表明,要降低"软目标"恐怖袭击风险,需要提高防御措施效率。在无安检区域实施有效的人防、物防、技防策略,可显著降低遇袭风险。     

什么是人防工程?

人防工程是为保障人民防空指挥、通信、掩蔽等需要而建造的防护建筑。它是防备敌人突然袭击,有效 地掩蔽人员和物资,保存战争潜力的重要 设施。人防工程按构筑形式可分为地道工 程、坑道工程、堆积式工程和掘开式工程。 地道工程是指大部分主体地面低于最低出 入口的暗挖工程,多建于平地。坑道工程     

漫话防护工程的核监测

防护工程建设是国防建设的重要组成郎分,按用途可划分为国防工程和人防工程两类。核防护是防护工程的重要职能之一,核防护措施包括两类,一类是发生战争之前付诸实施的,例如修建防护工程设施,并安装配套的核监测装备;另一类是战时发生核袭击后,实施核监测,根据监测结果估算和预测核袭     

军队非战争军事行动指导应注重“四个强化”

新世纪新阶段,我国面临的安全威胁复杂多样,非战争安全威胁日益突出,近几年先后发生的南方雨雪冰冻灾害,汶川、玉树地震灾害,拉萨"3·14"、乌鲁木齐"7·5"事件,非典疾病等,对国家造成的危害并不亚于战争的破坏。因此,应对非战争安全威胁已经成为军队常态化的任务。指导我军非战争军事行动,除了要遵循与战争行动相关的共性要求外,还要根据自身特点,做到"四个强化"。     

营区出入口防爆设计策略——以汽车炸弹为例

为解决国内营区出入口空间防爆能力低下的问题,从建筑空间设计的角度出发,探讨了出入口空间中预警阻截空间、门体、缓冲隔离空间和环境4类构成要素的具体特点,分析了汽车炸弹的破坏原理及作用范围,并以此为基础,提出了4类防爆设计策略,即强化相关人员的防爆安全思想,对出入口空间的选址、数量和位置关系等进行合理规划,在具体的数值范围内适当设计出入口的空间距离,系统布置减速型、路刺型和拦阻型3种不同类型的阻截设施。为营区出入口防爆安全体系的建设提供了参考和依据,保障了营区的安全和稳定。     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

The UK,interrogation and Iraq, 2003–2008

The UK’s interrogation operations during the conflict in Iraq (2003–2008) are often portrayed by the media as involving significant amounts of mistreatment. This article demonstrates that these practices are not necessarily representative of the UK’s interrogation operations across this conflict. In doing so it contributes to the limited literature on the practice of interrogation and on the UK’s combat operations in Iraq. The UK’s interrogation capability, and therefore its intelligence-gathering capability, is shown to have rested primarily with the military’s Joint Forward Interrogation Team (JFIT). The JFIT suffered from limitations to the number, training and experience of its interrogators and interpreters. It is argued that maintaining a permanent, higher level of preparedness for interrogation by the British armed forces is desirable.     

Remembering and forgetting Mirambo: Histories of war in modern Africa

ABSTRACT

While the study of organised violence is considered essential to understanding the history of the West, and accordingly imbued with various layers of meaning and remembrance, war is widely regarded as inimical to the modern nation in Africa and stable development more broadly. Using examples drawn from primarily from East Africa, this paper considers the ways in which warfare in the deeper (‘precolonial’) past has been framed and envisioned in recent decades, in particular by governments whose own roots lie in revolutionary armed struggle and who began life as guerrilla movements. While in some cases particular elements of the deeper past were indeed mobilised in pursuit of contemporary political goals, in many other scenarios histories of precolonial violence were beheld as problematic and unworthy of remembrance. This paper highlights the paradox and ambiguity which has attended the memory of key aspects of Africa’s deeper past.