车载组合导航在阵地勘测中的应用设计

为提高阵地勘测的连续性、精确性和快速性,提高定位定向车阵地勘测的环境适应性,在定位定向车阵地勘测中首次利用卡尔曼滤波算法进行数据融合的组合导航,综合捷联惯组、速率计和高程计的自主性以及北斗2卫星导航的精确性和快速性,通过定位定向车多批次的跑车试验验证,该设计实现了较高的阵地勘测连续性以及精确性,基本实现全区域的无缝定位导航阵地勘测。     

基于强跟踪滤波的捷联惯导/里程计组合导航

针对车载里程计刻度系数受轮胎胎压、温度等的影响实时变化,提出采用强跟踪滤波进行捷联惯导/里程计组合导航。强跟踪滤波利用卡尔曼滤波残差序列相互正交的性质,在线实时调整渐消因子,对突变状态有较强的跟踪能力。提出采用平均速度匹配方法以消除载车振动及里程计量化误差对组合导航的影响,同时将杆臂误差列入状态量,消除不准确的杆臂在载车转弯时对组合导航的影响,建立了捷联惯导/里程计组合导航模型。进行了实际组合导航跑车试验,结果表明组合导航的定位精度优于1‰D。     

一种单轴旋转的车载IMU/DTU组合导航方法

长时间机动工况时,某些复杂路况和车况环境下,捷联惯导组合导航系统方位角误差将增大。基于已有组合导航算法框架,提出了一种基于单轴旋转调制的组合导航方法。采用21维IMU/DTU(里程计)误差状态构造状态方程,以捷联惯导解算的位移增量与里程计解算的位移增量之差作为观测量,Kalman滤波器融合惯导与里程计信息,利用旋转调制机制,可对消IMU/DTU组合导航系统主要误差,实时输出高精度的方位数据和位置数据,对载车的行驶状态无特殊要求。进行了仿真试验和实车试验。试验结果表明:该方法能够在长时间机动工况下实现较高的方位精度和位置精度。挖掘了惯导组合导航系统的潜在精度,提高了快速反应能力、环境适应性和可用性,具有较好的工程应用价值。     

车载火控系统标定原理及误差分析

巡航导弹的快速发展改变了现代战争的作战模式,为了实现对该目标的有效拦截,将防空火控系统组网是一种有效手段。文中以车载火控系统组网为例,介绍了火控系统两种标定方法的原理,并结合目标态势对误差进行了分析,结果表明系统标定引入的误差与定位定向设备精度、标定系统距离和目标态势都是相关的。     

速率捷联惯性测量系统的数学模型及误差标定

分析了导弹速率捷联惯导系统本身产生工具误差的主要因素,建立了速率捷联惯性测量系统的数学模型,给出了利用地球的物理特性对速率捷联惯性测量系统进行标定的方法,最后利用最小二乘分析法,计算出速率捷联惯性测量系统的误差系数,用于在对导弹的制导过程中对工具误差进行补偿,提高导弹的制导精度。     

精确制导火箭弹传递对准研究

以常规火箭弹制导化改造过程中弹载捷联惯导的初始对准为背景,研究了利用发射车车载高精度定位定向系统作为主惯导,对火箭弹捷联惯导进行传递对准的速度加姿态匹配方案,介绍了在三轴转台上进行实验验证的方法、过程和结果。实验结果表明,该方案对准精度高、对准时间短、对准机动要求简单,可以有效完成制导火箭弹捷联惯导的初始对准。     

惯性定向定位/导航技术及发展概况

阐述了惯性导航、陀螺罗经定向工作原理和捷联惯性导航的计算问题,以及GPS的有关情况。最后,预测捷联惯性系统和GPS 组合将成为航空、航海和陆地车辆导航定位的主要装置。     

车载捷联惯导/重力匹配/高度计组合导航方法

研究了一种基于捷联惯导、重力匹配和气压高度计进行车载组合导航的方法。建立了重力匹配导航的误差模型,将重力匹配获得的水平位置、高度计输出的高度与捷联惯导输出的对应信息相减作为量测,采用Sage-Husa自适应滤波进行组合导航滤波设计,并针对重力匹配导航非等间隔输出问题,对滤波方程进行了改进。仿真结果表明,该组合导航方法具有较高的导航定位精度,自主性强,抗干扰性好,在军用领域具有良好的应用前景。     

捷联惯组测试性能分析评估技术研究

捷联惯组测试性能分析评估以捷联惯组加速度计位置标定静态误差模型为基础,建立了捷联惯组安装误差模型,分析位置标定原始数据,从而分离惯组与转台之间的安装误差,以评估捷联惯组的测试性能,确保捷联惯组的测试精度及测试结果的可信度.该技术作为"惯组性能分析评估系统"的重要组成部分得到了验证和应用.     

惯性组合误差标定中边界条件的确定和数据处理方法

利用弹道导弹速率捷联惯性测量组合的数学模型, 研究了惯性组合误差标定中的边界条件确定的方法,给出了标定后数据处理的关键程序代码, 可用于对惯性组合工具误差的补偿。     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

The UK,interrogation and Iraq, 2003–2008

The UK’s interrogation operations during the conflict in Iraq (2003–2008) are often portrayed by the media as involving significant amounts of mistreatment. This article demonstrates that these practices are not necessarily representative of the UK’s interrogation operations across this conflict. In doing so it contributes to the limited literature on the practice of interrogation and on the UK’s combat operations in Iraq. The UK’s interrogation capability, and therefore its intelligence-gathering capability, is shown to have rested primarily with the military’s Joint Forward Interrogation Team (JFIT). The JFIT suffered from limitations to the number, training and experience of its interrogators and interpreters. It is argued that maintaining a permanent, higher level of preparedness for interrogation by the British armed forces is desirable.     

Remembering and forgetting Mirambo: Histories of war in modern Africa

ABSTRACT

While the study of organised violence is considered essential to understanding the history of the West, and accordingly imbued with various layers of meaning and remembrance, war is widely regarded as inimical to the modern nation in Africa and stable development more broadly. Using examples drawn from primarily from East Africa, this paper considers the ways in which warfare in the deeper (‘precolonial’) past has been framed and envisioned in recent decades, in particular by governments whose own roots lie in revolutionary armed struggle and who began life as guerrilla movements. While in some cases particular elements of the deeper past were indeed mobilised in pursuit of contemporary political goals, in many other scenarios histories of precolonial violence were beheld as problematic and unworthy of remembrance. This paper highlights the paradox and ambiguity which has attended the memory of key aspects of Africa’s deeper past.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.