基于微动目标主体信息的平动补偿方法

目标的平动和微动均会对雷达信号产生调制,其中,微动信息的提取对目标识别具有重大意义.选择对点散射模型进行分析,构建回波信号模型.根据信号在时频分布中的特点,通过霍夫变换(TFD-Hough)获得平动参数,重构出参考主体信号,进而补偿主体回波信号,再经高通滤波器处理,最终实现平动调制的补偿以及微动信号的分离.仿真实验验证了该方法的有效性.     

一种高分辨雷达扩展目标信号模拟方法

从线性调频高分辨雷达着手,分析了扩展目标回波信号的特点,对线性调频信号进行了模拟,生成了扩展目标回波数据。最后用Matlab仿真实现了目标散射中心和多普勒速度的提取,验证了模拟信号的可行性。     

基于Viterbi算法和ROMP的多弹道目标分离与特征提取

为实现对中段飞行中多弹道目标进行分类和特征提取,首先利用重排Gabor分布与Viterbi算法相结合的方法,获取目标散射点的时频曲线,对目标信号时频曲线拟合后进行频谱分析,完成目标运动类型分类。根据目标微动类型确定对应散射点的回波信号形式并构造相应的匹配原子库,设定待估计参数,利用ROMP方法对参数进行提取。仿真实验表明,该方法有效实现散射点分离并判断出目标的微动类型,同时验证了该方法对目标参数的提取精度。     

基于微多普勒周期相关性的弹道群目标信号分离

针对弹道群目标微多普勒信号分离问题,提出了一种基于微多普勒周期相关性的弹道群目标信号分离算法。对进动目标和旋转目标进行了微动建模,分析了其散射中心在窄带信号下的微多普勒效应,并给出了其参数化表达式。利用STFT对窄带回波进行了时频变换,获取了回波时频图,并采用奇异值分解(SVD)和高斯空间掩模方法分别对时频图进行了消噪和平化处理。再依据散射中心微多普勒瞬时频率的变化规律,采用Viterbi算法对群目标微多普勒曲线进行了提取。最后将提取出的曲线进行傅里叶变换,根据群目标微多普勒周期的相关性,实现了群目标信号的分离。仿真验证了所提方法的有效性和准确性。     

地面雷达环境杂波回波建模仿真

针对地面雷达实际地形杂波信号不易模拟的特点,通过对相干视频信号模拟方法和地杂波后向散射特性的研究,建立了地面杂波RCS模型;利用映像法提出了面杂波回波模型以及模拟方法.最后给出了杂波回波信号的仿真结果,结果证明了该方法的可行性.     

箔条云干扰下的单目标恒虚警率检测研究

箔条云在扩散过程中随着时间变化会稀释和扩大,其回波特性会发生改变,被检测目标与箔条的相互位置关系也会影响雷达恒虚警检测。针对作战对抗过程中箔条干扰易造成雷达接收机阻塞干扰目标检测,检测概率迅速降低且易丢失目标贻误战机,通过详细分析箔条的扩散过程及信号频谱特性及其箔条云和目标的两种位置关系,利用恒虚警处理算法在噪声基底为10 dB和20 dB情况下对目标进行恒定虚警率检测研究。研究结果对改善飞机检测性能和抗虚警能力以及提高战场生存率具有积极作用。     

LFMCW雷达MTD处理的分析与研究

将LFMCW雷达运用于主动防护系统时,由于受到发射信号泄露以及地杂波、噪声等因素的影响,往往难以满足低虚警概率的要求。工程上可以利用MTD技术提高信噪比抑制虚假目标。但对于快速来袭的导弹目标,由于在连续的检测周期内目标往往并非出现在同一个距离分辨单元内,直接采用MTD算法进行信号处理并不能得到理想的检测效果。针对这一问题,首先分析了目标在相邻检测周期跨越距离单元造成的回波相位变化及其对信号积累的影响;其后提出在已知目标速度和未知目标速度的情况下分别进行MTD相位补偿的方法,并通过仿真验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于DRFM的移频旁瓣干扰技术研究北大核心

针对脉冲多普勒(PD)雷达通过测量回波信号多普勒频率检测目标移动速度这一特点,为提高假目标逼真程度和干扰效果,提出移频旁瓣干扰并列举了3种干扰策略。该干扰方法基于数字射频存储(DRFM)的旁瓣干扰技术,结合真实目标运动特点与直接数字频率合成器(DDS)产生多普勒频率的原理,通过理论计算产生与假目标精确匹配的信号幅度和多普勒频率。经过软件仿真,得出不同干扰策略的假目标形成的虚假航迹和多普勒频率变化趋势,验证了移频旁瓣干扰技术的有效性和实现的可能性。     

基于神经网络和功率谱的水中目标信号检测方法

将功率谱和神经网络相结合,应用于高海况、低信噪比条件下,水中目标信号的特征提取中.文中首先对信号进行功率谱估计,利用目标信号功率主要集中在低频部分的特点,提取低频信号的能量作为特征,然后利用人工神经网络对目标信号进行检测.利用不同浪级情况下海洋水压场的仿真信号数据,对某型目标舰船的水压信号进行了检测计算,验证了该方法的有效性,尤其是达到了在高海况、低信噪比条件下,对目标信号检测率比较高、虚警率比较低的效果.     

基于DRFM的移频旁瓣干扰技术研究

针对脉冲多普勒(PD)雷达通过测量回波信号多普勒频率检测目标移动速度这一特点,为提高假目标逼真程度和干扰效果,提出移频旁瓣干扰并列举了3种干扰策略。该干扰方法基于数字射频存储(DRFM)的旁瓣干扰技术,结合真实目标运动特点与直接数字频率合成器(DDS)产生多普勒频率的原理,通过理论计算产生与假目标精确匹配的信号幅度和多普勒频率。经过软件仿真,得出不同干扰策略的假目标形成的虚假航迹和多普勒频率变化趋势,验证了移频旁瓣干扰技术的有效性和实现的可能性。     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.