稀疏孔径条件下微动目标特征提取与成像算法

针对窄带雷达稀疏孔径条件下,目标微多普勒信号无法使用传统方法进行参数化表征和提取的问题,提出一种方位向稀疏孔径条件下微动目标特征提取与成像的新方法。通过详细分析微动目标雷达回波特性,并根据目标回波特征构造微多普勒信号原子集,在此基础上,使用正交匹配追踪算法实现微动目标的特征提取与成像。仿真实验表明该方法能够在稀疏孔径条件下有效提取目标微动特征并实现目标成像。     

基于DPCA和Radon变换的多通道SAR微动目标检测

为实现强杂波噪声条件下SAR微动目标检测,在DPCA信号的距离压缩域提出基于Radon变换和基于时频分析—逆Radon变换的2种微动目标检测方法。在距离压缩域,微动目标回波表现为沿方位向直线,利用Radon变换对直线的聚焦性实现微动目标检测;对DPCA信号作时频分析,微动目标引起的微多普勒频率表现为正弦形式,利用逆Radon变换对正弦曲线的聚焦性实现微动目标检测。通过对比,基于Radon变换的检测方法参数估计性能更好,而基于时频分析—逆Radon变换的检测方法具有更高的检测概率。最后,通过实验仿真验证了所提方法的有效性。     

基于微多普勒周期相关性的弹道群目标信号分离

针对弹道群目标微多普勒信号分离问题,提出了一种基于微多普勒周期相关性的弹道群目标信号分离算法。对进动目标和旋转目标进行了微动建模,分析了其散射中心在窄带信号下的微多普勒效应,并给出了其参数化表达式。利用STFT对窄带回波进行了时频变换,获取了回波时频图,并采用奇异值分解(SVD)和高斯空间掩模方法分别对时频图进行了消噪和平化处理。再依据散射中心微多普勒瞬时频率的变化规律,采用Viterbi算法对群目标微多普勒曲线进行了提取。最后将提取出的曲线进行傅里叶变换,根据群目标微多普勒周期的相关性,实现了群目标信号的分离。仿真验证了所提方法的有效性和准确性。     

基于时频分布的弹道导弹目标识别方法

在弹道导弹目标识别中,微动特征是重要的识别手段。从弹道导弹微动特性时频分析出发,提出一种基于时频分布的弹道导弹目标识别方法。该方法将时频分布图的伪Zeinike不变矩特征作为识别特征。首先对回波信号进行时频变换以获取时频图像;然后为了降低噪声的影响,对其进行图形预处理;最后给出了伪Zernike不变矩提取步骤及识别特征的选取原则。通过仿真实验,分析了不同特征组合对识别率的影响,评估了不同信噪比下识别方法的稳定性。实验结果表明,该方法具有一定稳定性,可用于弹道导弹目标识别。     

基于Hough变换撤票策略的目标微多普勒提取

微动特征的提取对于目标识别具有重要意义,但现有算法提取多分量旋转目标微多普勒参数的计算量太大.针对这一问题,提出了一种Hough变换撤票策略,对时频空间进行Hough变换得到参数空间,对已包含所有信息的参数空间进行多次撤票,便可分步得到微多普勒信号参数.仿真实验验证了该方法的有效性.     

基于微动目标主体信息的平动补偿方法

目标的平动和微动均会对雷达信号产生调制,其中,微动信息的提取对目标识别具有重大意义.选择对点散射模型进行分析,构建回波信号模型.根据信号在时频分布中的特点,通过霍夫变换(TFD-Hough)获得平动参数,重构出参考主体信号,进而补偿主体回波信号,再经高通滤波器处理,最终实现平动调制的补偿以及微动信号的分离.仿真实验验证了该方法的有效性.     

基于Radon变换的弹道目标平动补偿

弹道目标平动补偿有利于弹道目标微动参数提取。针对多散射点目标平动补偿的问题,提出了一种利用Radon变换对目标整体微多普勒曲线进行参数投影来达到平动参数估计的方法。对典型弹道目标进行了建模分析,得出了其散射点微动距离表达式。根据雷达信息对目标回波进行预补偿并对预补偿结果进行时频变换,再采用Radon变换对时频曲线进行参数投影,利用熵值法对投影得到的二维平面进行参数提取。利用提取的平动参数对回波进行平动补偿,仿真结果表明了上述方法的准确性。     

弹道导弹微动模型及微多普勒特征研究

通过微多普勒可以提取弹道导弹目标的微动特征,利用弹头和诱饵微动特征的差异可识别出真弹头.运用角动量守恒定理分析了弹道导弹目标在各阶段的微动形式,运用叉乘矩阵、泰勒级数等原理,推导出了弹道导弹目标的微动模型,给出了弹道导弹目标的微多普勒计算公式,从理论上分析了其微多普勒特征.利用时频分析方法从回波信号中提取了弹道导弹目标的微多普勒,从回波信号中提取的微多普勒与理论上计算的微多普勒一致,表明分析方法有效,结论正确.     

基于最优核时频分布的装甲车辆微多普勒特征分析

依据微多普勒效应原理,构建了装甲车辆微动的雷达回波数学模型,推导了装甲车辆点目标的回波信号解析关系,并针对回波信号非平稳非线性的特点,利用最优核时频分布结合求时频脊的方法,仿真提取了装甲车辆微动线目标的回波微多普勒特征。仿真结果表明:线目标模型更能凸现、解析装甲车辆微动特征;采用的最优核时频分布结合求时频脊方法,具有比经典二次型分布更好的时频像,能较好地提取出微多普勒特征。最后,利用该方法分析了低信噪比下目标加速度、身管长度等参数对微多普勒特征的影响。     

基于Viterbi算法和ROMP的多弹道目标分离与特征提取

为实现对中段飞行中多弹道目标进行分类和特征提取,首先利用重排Gabor分布与Viterbi算法相结合的方法,获取目标散射点的时频曲线,对目标信号时频曲线拟合后进行频谱分析,完成目标运动类型分类。根据目标微动类型确定对应散射点的回波信号形式并构造相应的匹配原子库,设定待估计参数,利用ROMP方法对参数进行提取。仿真实验表明,该方法有效实现散射点分离并判断出目标的微动类型,同时验证了该方法对目标参数的提取精度。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.