大椭圆航法及其导航参数计算

提出了基于地球椭球模型的大椭圆航法,采用解析几何中的空间向量分析,推导出了初始航向角、航程和偏航量的计算公式.算例分析表明,该公式可以解决航海中不同参考椭球下大椭圆航法的导航参数计算问题,航程计算精度高达10-3m.     

多传感器信息融合的水下航行器组合导航方法

为了提高远程自主水下航行器组合导航系统的导航精度,提出了一种基于多传感器信息融合的组合导航系统方案.在建立SINS、DVL、LBL、深度计和航向传感器的误差模型的基础上,推导了多传感器信息融合模型,详细设计联邦滤波器结构,并给出各传感器输出频率不同时滤波器的解决方案.最后进行仿真试验,仿真结果表明该方法能充分融合多导航...     

基于SRUKF仅测角导航的空间交会闭环控制协方差分析

针对基于仅测角导航的空间交会问题,开展了采用线性协方差进行闭环控制误差快速分析方法的研究。建立了基于SRUKF (Square Root Unscented Kalman Filter) 的仅测角导航算法并推导了观测敏感矩阵,构建了基于多脉冲Hill制导的闭环控制线性协方差分析模型。经算例验证,本文提出的闭环控制协方差分析结果与Monte Carlo打靶结果能够很好吻合;该方法适用于采用传统Extended Kalman Filter (EKF)的仅测角导航问题,但其迹向位置的估计存一个与该方向控制误差方差相当的偏心,其误差椭圆的长轴和短轴分别比基于SRUKF的估计结果大了24.68%和20.56%。此外,由于采用了QR分解和Cholesky 因子更新两种高效的代数运算,基于SRUKF的协方差分析模型要比基于EKF的协方差分析模型在计算速度上快了10%。     

平方根无迹卡尔曼滤波仅测角导航的空间交会闭环协方差分析方法

针对基于仅测角导航的空间交会问题,开展了采用线性协方差进行闭环控制误差快速分析方法的研究。建立了基于平方根无迹卡尔曼滤波(Square Root Unscented Kalman Filter,SRUKF)的仅测角导航算法并推导了观测敏感矩阵,构建了基于多脉冲Hill制导的闭环控制线性协方差分析模型。算例验证结果表明:提出的闭环控制协方差分析结果与Monte Carlo打靶结果能够很好地吻合;该方法适用于采用传统扩展卡尔曼滤波(Extended Kalman Filter,EKF)的仅测角导航问题,但其迹向位置的估计存在一个与该方向控制误差方差相当的偏心,其误差椭圆的长轴和短轴分别比基于SRUKF的估计结果大24.68%和20.56%。此外,由于采用了QR分解和Cholesky因子更新两种高效的代数运算,基于SRUKF的协方差分析模型的计算速度要比基于EKF的协方差分析模型的大10%。     

航路点导航参数计算

根据当前船位和预置的航路点位置计算航路点导航参数是舰船导航的基本问题,为此推导了一组大圆航法和等角航法下航路点导航参数的解析计算公式,非常适合于在组合导航系统中使用。     

水下导航系统误差辨识及修正方法

水下航行器经常采用航位推算方式进行定位.由于存在传感器误差,航位推算的定位误差是随着时间发散的,而直接准确检测这类误差非常困难.对航位推算导航系统误差源进行分析与辨识,在此基础上推导出一种新的辨识AUV (Autonomous Underwater Vehicles)导航误差参数的方法,经实航试验结果表明,该算法能够准确辨识AUV导航误差参数向量,简单有效.     

基于SINS/GPS组合导航的AUV半实物仿真系统设计(英文)

为了满足水下航行远航程和长时间的要求,远航程自主水下航行器(AUV)采用的是以SINS导航为主、卫星导航定期修正的方式,以提高导航的精度和可靠性.设计一种采用GPS卫星定位导航模拟器、GPS接收机、惯性测量器件(IMU)和实时仿真计算机构成的采用SINS/GPS组合导航方式的AUV导航半实物仿真系统,并对该系统的硬件接口设计、算法和软件开发进行了论述.所开发的系统通过外部的线运动补偿实现了惯性导航系统的完整计算,通过时间同步策略解决了各导航子系统的并行同步问题.部分仿真试验的结果表明,所设计的半实物仿真系统方案可行,可用于更高置信度的AUV组合导航仿真实验.     

超空泡航行体刚柔耦合动力响应有限元分析

考虑航行体大范围转动,根据哈密顿原理推导了超空泡航行体在一次近似模型变形下的刚柔耦合动力响应方程,定性分析了其与零次近似模型下方程的区别,并对方程进行了定量计算。结果表明:一次近似模型相比零次近似模型下的横向振动方程,刚度矩阵项增大;所推导方程能够用于定量分析和直观描述超空泡航行体刚柔耦合下的变形。     

基于GDOP的多星单站无源雷达辐射源选取方法研究

由于导航卫星数量多、选择余地大,卫星外辐射源的选取成为制约无源雷达定位精度的关键因素。构建了基于导航卫星外辐射源的无源雷达多星单站定位模型,计算了可视导航卫星数目及位置,推导了系统定位误差方程,分析了定位误差影响因素,提出了一种基于定位精度的几何稀释（geometrical dilution of precision,GDOP）的多星单站无源雷达时差定位外辐射源优选方法。仿真结果表明,该优选方法能可靠地筛选出多星单站时差定位的最佳外辐射源,有效提高系统定位精度。     

联邦滤波器的SINS/GNS/DVS水下组合导航

针对现有的水下导航系统不能全面满足AUV导航的需要,为了提高水下航行器组合导航系统长时间远航程的隐蔽性,可靠性及精度,提出了一种基于联邦滤波器的惯性导航系统、地磁导航、多普勒速度声纳的组合导航方案,并采用简化自适应卡尔曼算法对水下航行器组合导航系统进行误差估计,解决了传统卡尔曼滤波容易发散的问题.仿真结果表明,在SINS/GNS/DVS组合导航中采用该算法,提高了定位精度,保证了滤波的快速性,验证了该算法的可行性和正确性.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.