多种服役环境下航空铝合金疲劳裂纹扩展行为

通过收集机场环境数据并依据环境谱编谱流程，编制出试验室环境下航空铝合金加速腐蚀试验谱，并依据该谱开展LD2CS铝合金预腐蚀疲劳试验。统计分析试验数据，利用影响平均值方法，筛选出三个重要腐蚀损伤表征量，即最大蚀坑深度、最大蚀坑宽度、点蚀率。通过归一化无量纲处理和加权平均方法，计算出腐蚀损伤综合指标α。对比不同损伤程度下预制裂纹疲劳扩展行为特点，定义腐蚀加速系数Ω(α)。利用加速腐蚀第18—20a的试验数据验证Ω(α)表达式的有效性，得到预测值相对误差均小于10%，这说明修正后的疲劳裂纹扩展公式适用于表示腐蚀损伤对长裂纹扩展的加速作用，为航空铝合金的损伤容限设计提供新的思路。     

刚性夹杂双周期分布的反平面问题

在遵循复合材料中各夹杂相互影响的条件下,构造呈双周期分布且相互影响的椭圆形刚性夹杂模型的复应力函数,采用复变函数的依次保角映射方法,达到满足各个夹杂的边界条件,利用围线积分将求解方程组化为线性代数方程组,推导出了椭圆形刚性夹杂呈双周期分布的界面应力解析表达式,并讨论了夹杂间距对界面应力最大值（应力集中系数）的影响规律,描绘出了曲线。     

层裂问题的数值研究

本文对Carrol、Holt 和Johnson提出的延性材料损伤断裂进行了改进。在模型中考虑了材料的硬化效应和空穴成核的影响。用数值方法模拟了高速碰撞中OFCH 铜和铝的层裂过程,其结果与实验吻合得相当好。     

玻璃纤维增强复合材料的损伤分析

本文对玻璃纤维增强复合材料层合板进行了拉、剪多向应力本构关系的实验研究,成功地用软x射线照相观察到材料内部微裂纹沿纤维方向近似均匀分布,并沿裂纹面扩展至破坏的损伤形貌,同时结合声发射技术等监测其扩展规律。在此基础上建立了基于微观机制的微裂纹损伤模型,预测材料的损伤非线性本构关系和破坏,以及实验观察到的一些复合材料特有的损伤现象,理论预测结果与实验值吻合。     

夹杂物对有机涂层下碳钢腐蚀初期过程的影响

选择两种具有典型夹杂物的碳钢,通过浸泡试验,研究有机涂层下碳钢的腐蚀初期过程,并和裸钢的腐蚀过程进行对比．结果表明：涂层试样和裸钢试样腐蚀发展的初期过程都是点蚀;涂层试样点蚀诱发孕育期大大长于裸钢试样;点蚀的主要诱发源是钢中的硫化物和硅酸盐;硫化物夹杂物诱发点蚀及点蚀的扩展主要沿夹杂物与基体间的相界进行．     

履带车辆悬挂系统关键部件疲劳寿命预测技术研究

针对履带车辆悬挂系统关键部件-扭力轴的疲劳寿命预测技术展开研究,首先利用机械系统动力学仿真软件ADAMS建立了悬挂系统多刚体动力学模型, 应用模态集成方法在悬挂多刚体模型中集成扭力轴柔性体,通过添加约束与载荷边界条件,建立悬挂系统刚/柔体耦合模型。通过对典型工况的仿真计算,可以得到扭力轴上每个节点的载荷时间历程与应力时间历程,结合扭力轴的材料特性,并考虑应力集中系数、平均应力修正等各种影响因素,实现悬挂系统扭力轴疲劳寿命的预测。最后将实验结果同仿真结果进行了比较,得到了具有工程意义的结论。     

钢—混凝土复合爆炸容器内爆响应数值模拟

应用动力有限元方法模拟了轴对称椭球顶圆柱密闭式抗爆容器内部爆炸流场,并对钢衬-混凝土复合容器壁的应力应变响应进行了数值模拟分析.分析结果显示:钢衬层应力波动的低、高频两部分分别起因于压力波的反复作用及钢衬结构的本征振动,二次波对容器顶部的作用很重要,并由此对混凝土的塑性及损伤的时空分布产生重要影响.数值模拟结果与实验结果一致.     

岩土损伤复合体理论的应力应变合成模式

近年来,岩土损伤本构模型取得了长足的进步,但在岩土材料损伤的复合体理论的一个基本问题--复合体的两个组分的应力、应变合成模式上存在争议.从损伤力学的基础--连续介质力学的基本概念出发,对岩土损伤复合体理论应力、应变合成的合理模式进行了研究.得出了一般损伤情况下的岩土损伤复合体理论的应力、应变合成公式,给出了各向同性损伤情况下的简化公式,认为对于岩土损伤复合体理论不能简单地采用并联、串联假设.     

多铁性层合材料中的界面滑动——层内开裂的局部阻滑/促滑机制

基于多铁性层合材料界面的传统剪切线弹簧模型和库仑摩擦定律,考虑界面法向应力对界面滑动的影响,提出了一种界面阻滑/促滑模型,运用Green函数法推导了多铁性层合材料层内开裂问题的Cauchy奇异积分方程,获得了界面法向应力和裂纹尖端应力强度因子(Stress Intensity Factor,SIF)的数值解。结果表明:在纯剪切加载的情况下,界面上靠近裂纹的局部区域仍可能出现非零的法向应力,且正、负局部法向应力将分别导致局部促滑、阻滑效应。通过研究界面剪切损伤系数以及摩擦因数对SIF的影响,揭示了多铁性层合材料层内开裂的局部阻滑/促滑机制,为层状多铁性智能器件的防断裂优化设计提供理论参考。     

固体火箭发动机二次喷射控制矢量喷管流场仿真

采用基于Favre平均的三维N-S方程和k-ε湍流模型对固体火箭发动机二次喷射推力矢量喷管复杂干扰内流场进行数值模拟。空间上采用三阶精度差分格式进行求解,时间上采用隐式Jacobi点迭代方法进行迭代推进,直至流场收敛。数值模拟得到矢量喷管二次射流的激波系结构,以及复杂的主/次流干扰流动图像。二次喷射流场包含复杂的涡系结构和波系结构,还存在着边界层与激波的相互干扰、自由剪切层、激波、膨胀波和大尺寸分离。数值模拟还表明,高温燃气射流导致喷射孔附近喷管壁面处的温度相当高,需采取相应的热防护措施。     

恒电量微扰法研究在含Cl-介质Ce3+对航空铝材的缓蚀作用

本文用恒电量微扰法研究了Ce3+对铝合金在0．1mol·L-1NaCl介质中的缓蚀机理及抗孔蚀性。结果表明：铝合金孔蚀诱导过程及其表面形成林转化膜过程具有相同的电化学模式,电化学腐蚀速度控制步骤取决于钝化膜（转化膜）／溶液界面过程。Ce3+对铝合金孔蚀的诱导期和发展期均有抑制作用,形成铈转化膜后,铝基表面阻抗大大提高,耐孔蚀性增强。     

Microstructure and pitting corrosion of armor grade AA7075 aluminum alloy friction stir weld nugget zone-Effect of post weld heat treatment and addition of boron carbide

Friction stir welding(FSW) of high strength aluminum alloys has been emerged as an alternative joining technique to avoid the problems during fusion welding.In recent times FSW is being used for armor grade AA7075 aluminum alloy in defense,aerospace and marine applications where it has to serve in non uniform loading and corrosive environments.Even though friction stir welds of AA7075 alloy possess better mechanical properties but suffer from poor corrosion resistance.The present work involves use of retrogression and reaging(RRA) post weld heat treatment to improve the corrosion resistance of welded joints of aluminum alloys.An attempt also has been made to change the chemical composition of the weld nugget by adding B4C nano particles with the aid of the FSW on a specially prepared base metal plate in butt position.The effects of peak aged condition(T6),RRA and addition of B4C nano particles on microstructure,hardness and pitting corrosion of nugget zone of the friction stir welds of AA7075 alloy have been studied.Even though RRA improved the pitting corrosion resistance,its hardness was slightly lost.Significant improvement in pitting corrosion resistance was achieved with addition of boron carbide powder and post weld heat treatment of RRA.     

回归再时效7A60铝合金在0.5mol/L NaCl溶液中的点蚀性能

采用腐蚀电化学的点蚀极化曲线并结合腐蚀形貌的扫描电镜分析的方法,研究了回归再时效(RRA)工艺处理7A60铝合金在0.5mol/L NaCl溶液中的点蚀行为,对其耐点蚀性能进行了评价,并探讨了RRA工艺改善该合金点蚀性能的机理。结果表明:采用120RRA工艺(120℃×24h预时效+195℃×0.5h回归+120℃×24h再时效)处理后,7A60铝合金在0.5mol/L NaCl溶液中的阳极极化曲线闭合环面积减小,再钝化电流密度Ipp降低,蚀孔较浅,RRA工艺在一定程度上改善了该铝合金在0.5mol/L NaCl溶液中的耐点蚀性能。     

羧酸盐对锡和铝在中性溶液中的缓蚀作用研究

分别采用交流阻抗、线性极化、动电位扫描等电化学方法初步研究了羧酸盐缓蚀剂在中性介质中对锡和铝的缓蚀作用.实验结果表明,锡和铝在中性介质中的腐蚀以点蚀为主,而该羧酸盐结构中含有羧基,对锡和铝有良好的缓蚀效果,尤其是处于最佳缓蚀浓度时.     

低合金船体钢点蚀敏感性的研究

通过极化试验比较了4种含有不同合金元素的低合金钢的点蚀诱发敏感性,并用电子探针对钢中的主要夹杂物及点蚀诱发后的腐蚀形态作了鉴定.结果表明:镍-铬系钢比锰系钢具有更好的耐点蚀性能;点蚀总是从夹杂物与周围钢基体毗邻的界面处开始诱发;含有硫化物的复相夹杂对点蚀的敏感性更强.     

外加电位条件下7A52铝合金应力腐蚀开裂敏感性研究

摘要：采用电化学极化手段和慢应变速率拉伸试验,结合扫描电镜观察合金断口形貌,研究了外加电位对7A52铝合金应力腐蚀开裂敏感性的影响。研究结果表明：合金在3．5％NaCl溶液中的应力腐蚀开裂敏感性与外加电位有强烈的相关性,开裂敏感性在外加电位为一0．95V时最低,外加电位起到阴极保护的作用;在外加电位为一1V时有所升高,但仍然低于开路电位条件下的敏感性;在一1．1V时最高,应力腐蚀过程以氢脆为主;在一1．2V时又有所降低,阴极析出的氢以气态逸出而降低应力腐蚀开裂敏感性。     

Microstructure and pitting corrosion resistance of AA2219 Ale Cu alloy friction stir welds e Effect of tool profile

AA2219 Ale Cu alloy is widely used in defence and aerospace applications due to required combination of high strength-to-weight ratio and toughness.Fabrication of components used for defence always involves welding.Even though the mechanical properties of the base metal are better,but the alloy suffers from poor mechanical and corrosion properties during fusion welding.To overcome the problems of fusion welding,friction stir welding(FSW) is recognized as an alternative solid state joining method aimed to improve the mechanical and corrosion properties.Tool profile is one of the important variables which affect the performance of the friction stir weld.In the present work the effect of tool profile on the microstructure and pitting corrosion of AA2219 aluminiumecopper alloy was studied.Electron backscattered diffraction results established that the grain size and orientation of weld nugget of triangle profile is finer than that of conical profile.Differential scanning calorimetric results show the evidence of precipitate dissolution during FSW.It was found that the microstructure changes,such as grain size and its orientation precipitate dissolution during FSW influence the hardness and corrosion behaviour.Pitting corrosion resistance of friction stir welds of AA2219 was found to be better for triangle profile tool compared to conical profile which is attributed to material flow and strengthening precipitate morphology in various zones.Higher amount of heat generation during FSW made using triangle profile tool may be the reason for greater dissolution of strengthening precipitates in nugget zone and coarsening in thermo mechanically affected zone(TMAZ) and heat affected zone(HAZ).     

TA2-B10管不同电偶腐蚀防护方式对B10管腐蚀特性的影响

为研究TA2-B10合金管在不同电偶腐蚀防护方式下对B10管腐蚀特性的影响,在青岛小麦岛海水试验场设置TA2-B10管直接连接、电绝缘连接、电绝缘＋涂层连接三组不同电偶腐蚀防护方式对照管道,依次进行1m/s、3m/s、4m/s流动海水与浸泡交替腐蚀试验。对试验后的三组B10管道线切割,通过管道内表面电位分布试验分析不同电偶腐蚀防护方式下B10管道的腐蚀类型;采用动电位极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱和微观表征,分析不同电偶腐蚀防护方式下距离法兰接头250mm处B10管试样的腐蚀特性。结果表明,直接连接TA2-B10管处于电偶腐蚀状态,B10端内电位正移腐蚀加速,电绝缘连接和绝缘＋涂层连接TA2-B10管均处于自腐蚀状态,但电绝缘＋涂层连接具有更好的绝缘效果;电绝缘＋涂层连接防护下的B10试样,腐蚀电流密度最小,自腐蚀电位最负;三组B10试样阻抗谱均呈现单容抗弧特征,电绝缘＋涂层连接防护下的B10试样具有更大的传递电阻和膜层电阻;电绝缘＋涂层连接能有效减缓点蚀、坑蚀和晶间腐蚀三种腐蚀倾向。以上结果综合说明,绝缘＋涂层防护方式具有更好的电偶腐蚀防护效果。     

有机羧酸在中性腐蚀介质中对铸铝的缓蚀性能研究

通过电化学方法研究了不同浓度的有机羧酸对偶接及非偶接状态下铸铝的缓蚀性能,并对其缓蚀机理作了初步探讨.结果表明:常温状态下,该有机羧酸对铸铝有着很好的缓蚀效果,且随着其浓度的提高,缓蚀效果增加.此缓蚀剂对铸铝主要表现为几何覆盖效应,为抑制阳极型缓蚀剂.     

Microstructure,mechanical and corrosion behavior of high strength AA7075aluminium alloy friction stir welds-Effect of post weld heat treatment

High strength aluminium alloy AA7075(Al-Zn-Mg-Cu) is a precipitate hardenable alloy widely used in the aerospace,defense,marine and automobile industries.Use of the heat treatable aluminium alloys in all these sectors is ever-increasing owing to their excellent strength-toweight ratio and reasonably good corrosion resistance.The shortage in corrosion resistance,however,usually poses negative concern about their reliability and lifetime when they service in the variable marine environments.These alloys also exhibit low weldability due to poor solidification microstructure,porosity in fusion zone and lose their mechanical properties when they are welded by fusion welding techniques.Friction stir welding(FSW) is a reliable technique to retain the properties of the alloy as the joining takes place in the solid state.The welds are susceptible to corrosion due to the microstructural changes in the weld nugget during FSW.In this work,the effect of post weld treatments,viz.,peak aging(T6) and retrogression reaging(RRA),on the microstructure,mechanical properties and pitting corrosion has been studied.Friction stir welding of 8 mm-thick AA7075 alloy was carried out.The microstructural changes of base metal and nugget zone of friction stir welds were studied using optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.Tensile and hardness test of base metal and welds has been carried out.Pitting corrosion resistance was determined through dynamic polarization test.It was observed that the hardness and strength of weld were observed to be comparatively high in peak aged(T6) condition but the welds showed poor corrosion resistance.The resistance to pitting corrosion was improved and the mechanical properties were maintained by RRA treatment.The resistance to pitting corrosion was improved in RRA condition with the minimum loss of weld strength.