目标反射亮点仿真技术研究

研究了目标反射亮点的数学模型及仿真系统的硬件结构,并将目标回波亮点模型进行了简化,使之能够用于工程实现.在此基础上对用于声制导鱼雷半实物仿真系统的目标模拟器进行了设计,在试验中能够实现预定的功能.     

单层壳体潜艇回波亮点声图像仿真和试验验证

为了从水下目标回波声图像中获得尺度、要害部位等重要特征信息,提出一种将板块元分析和正交波束形成相结合来实现对潜艇目标进行回波声图像分析的方法,并对多波束系统条件下单层壳体潜艇的时间-角度回波结构和二维几何亮点声图像进行了仿真,通过目标表面高频亮区的分布解释了单层壳体潜艇亮点声图像的形成原因,最后利用湖上试验验证理论仿真结果.试验结果表明;亮点声图像可以反映水下目标几何亮点的分布规律,并在一定程度上反映目标的尺度和姿态特征;单层壳体潜艇回波亮点主要来源于艇体、指挥台围壳、艉舵3个部位.     

双通道短时互谱法的潜艇目标尺度识别

阐述了双通道短时互谱法的基本理论,分析了目标方位走向,提出了利用体目标回波的空间方位分布信息识别水下目标尺度的方法。最后采用潜艇目标亮点模型,通过计算机仿真给出了目标方位走向拟合示意图,给出了在不同攻击阵位的条件下,鱼雷对潜艇目标进行尺度识别的估计值和估计方差并进行了相应的分析,确定了最有利于目标识别的攻击弦角。     

基于亮点模型的无线电引信回波模拟

半实物仿真系统是研究和评估无线电引信引战配合特性和评估无线电引信引战配合效率的重要手段,根据目标的体目标特性,建立了导弹无线电引信的亮点模型,并根据所建模型设计实现了无线电引信半实物仿真系统的核心部件--目标回波模拟器,通过实际引信半实物仿真试验,证明亮点模型和回波信号模拟器满足引信引战配合试验要求.     

基于动态模板的ISAR目标回波模拟方法

为提高ISAR回波模拟中的逼真度,持续地产生旋转运动目标的回波信号显得尤为重要。文中通过建立动态模板,提出一种新的ISAR目标回波模拟方法。根据动态模板中散射点分布,得到对应的散射系数矩阵和多普勒频移矩阵,然后计算出相应变化的调制系数,最后调制产生动态目标回波信号。经理论分析和仿真实验表明,动态目标回波模拟信号经ISAR处理能够形成二维图像,并且不同相干积累时间段内的成像因动态目标模板变化而呈现差异。通过合理控制旋转参量,可使模拟回波信号的成像变化更加逼真,在一定程度上能够实现对目标转向等运动状态的模拟。     

辐射式雷达目标回波模拟技术

辐射式雷达目标回波模拟,其目的在于构建一个支持雷达全系统进行试验或训练的目标环境。针对搜索雷达,提出了基于旁瓣注入的辐射式雷达目标回波模拟方法,即对回波模拟设备接收存储的雷达射频信号进行辐射时机控制、功率调制和频率调制,以形成模拟回波并从雷达天线旁瓣注入雷达。该方法不但能够模拟目标径向运动,而且能够模拟目标在一定方位范围内的切向运动,适用于外场条件下的雷达模拟试验。最后以某型搜索雷达为例,通过计算机仿真验证了方法的可行性。     

分布式多频带雷达数据融合目标高分辨分析方法

宽带雷达接收的目标散射回波提供了目标散射点的散射类型及距离高分辨.由于条件限制,很难获得宽带及超宽带回波数据.采用状态空间法融合不同频带下的雷达回波数据得到目标高分辨分析.仿真证明,该方法能够有效地利用多部不同频带雷达的回波来获得目标的散射特征,明显优于同条件下单部雷达所得到的结果.该方法提供了一种以多部窄带雷达等效获得宽带、超宽带雷达的可行方法.     

一种快速干涉合成孔径声纳原始回波仿真方法

针对干涉合成孔径声纳原始回波时域仿真方法速度慢的问题,提出了一种基于参考信号平移方法的快速原始回波仿真方法。该方法是在计算各个接收子阵回波过程中,将因距离产生的时延转换为距离向上的平移量,并建立参考信号二维数组。点目标仿真和场景仿真实验验证了该方法的有效性。     

面向识别的雷达目标回波仿真技术校验分析

校验是仿真技术必不可少的环节。针对雷达目标识别的工程应用,提出了可用于初步校验雷达目标回波仿真技术的准则和方法。提出特征量稳健性校验方法,用于验证仿真回波的特征稳定性;提出特征量相容性校验方法,比较分析仿真回波特征与实测数据特征;并依据F isher判决准则提出仿真回波样本库不同类别目标间特征量的可分性分析方法。以某雷达目标回波仿真技术为例,建立仿真回波样本库,对校验方法进行了实验验证。     

多成像模式下舰船目标SAR成像仿真

针对典型工作模式下舰船目标SAR(synthetic aperture radar)成像仿真应用,建立了条带模式、聚束模式、扫描模式下电磁信号发射与回波传输模型.基于面元法将舰船目标三维模型划分为多个三角形面元,利用弹跳射线法计算舰船目标各面元的一次散射和多次散射,仿真SAR回波信号.采用距离多普勒成像算法消除回波混叠...     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.