空间重采样的宽带多重信号分类算法高分辨方位估计

空间重采样法是宽带恒定束宽波束形成的一种重要方法,采用声矢量阵推导了基于空间重采样的宽带MUSIC算法,并和相干子空间FFT插值法做了仿真比较,结果表明,所提算法的性能优于FFT插值法,表现为更低的分辨信噪比门限和估计均方误差上.     

一种基于声矢量阵混响空间特性的窄带目标探测算法

针对声矢量水听器阵主动探测问题，从声矢量混响空间特性方面开展研究。首先，从理论上分析各向同性混响条件下声压阵、振速阵的空间相关系数，指出远距离、长处理帧条件下声压、振速阵列半波长以上阵元间距的各向同性混响近似不相关；然后，以此为基础，给出声矢量圆阵信号接收模型，并针对各向异性、各向同性混响共存情况，给出了一种声矢量解析振速平滑阵列处理方法。该方法充分利用解析振速结构特点，对声压、解析振速阵列数据协方差矩阵进行累加平均，有效减小了不同阵元各向异性混响成分相干性。实测数据结果表明：声矢量解析振速平滑方法的常规波束形成处理与最小方差无畸变波束形成处理的声场级都小于声压阵处理结果，具有更高的目标分辨能力。     

基于波束域MUSIC方法的高分辨方位估计

现代声纳系统普遍采用水听器基阵和一定的信号处理来提高对目标的检测和定位能力,而基阵的波束形成则在其中起着核心作用。文中研究了窄带波束域高分辨方位估计技术,分析了波束域MUSIC方位估计的构造过程和具体实现方法。仿真计算表明,基于波束域MUSIC的方位估计算法是一种分辨空间小角域内多个目标的有效方法。     

矢量阵的快速宽带频域波束形成方法

矢量水听器能获取振速信息,因此由其所组成的阵列有着常规声压阵列所不能比拟的优势,但正因为有了振速各分量信息,基于矢量阵的信号处理面临计算量大为增加的高维协方差矩阵运算的难题,当阵元数较多时,难以实时实现。为此,基于FFT思想,提出了一种适用于矢量水听器阵列的快速宽带频域波束形成方法。该方法在频域实现,将宽带信号分解为多个窄带信号,采用快速傅立叶变换来实现各阵元数据的相移累加过程,处理速度得以大幅提高。研究表明:该方法完全满足实时处理的需求,其测向性能也能达到克拉美-罗下界,且矢量阵具有常规阵所不具有的左右舷分辨能力,对微弱目标的检测能力也较强。     

一种贝叶斯聚焦宽带多波束超分辨测向算法

当同时到达多个信号时,宽带多波束系统无法正确测向,为了解决此问题,针对宽带光控阵列多波束系统,通过构造稳健的贝叶斯聚焦矩阵,提出了一种宽带多波束相干超分辨测向方法。首先将多波束输出变换到频域,然后利用贝叶斯聚焦矩阵将数据变换到聚焦频率上,最后利用窄带的超分辨算法进行估计。贝叶斯聚焦矩阵对方向预估计误差不敏感,聚焦误差小,具有较强的稳健性。算法能有效分辨同时到达多波束系统的多个相干信号,仿真实验验证了此算法的有效性和正确性。     

基于虚拟时间延迟线阵列的联合频率—到达角二维谱估计

提出基于虚拟时间延时线阵列的联合频率-到达角二维谱估计方法,把经典的子空间方法推广到空时二维域并进行了改进.基本思路是估计空时噪声子空间和空时信号子空间,然后,利用两个空时子空间特征进行频率-到达角联合二维搜索.正常情况下可分辨的信源数远远超出阵元数目;在信号源宽带较大或信号源波长偏离阵列尺寸较远时,不会像经典方法一样出现大的偏差或估计信源角度范围受限;同时给出信号源的频率和到达角估计,更全面地反映了信号特征.     

声矢量阵降维平行因子模型及方位估计方法

针对原有的声矢量阵三阶PARAFAC(平行因子)模型维数高、参数求解过程运算量大的缺点,建立了一种降维的PARAFAC模型。将声矢量阵看作空间共点的声压传感器子阵和振速传感器子阵,计算各子阵输出数据的自协方差,并构造了三阶张量,最后证明该张量满足三阶PARAFAC模型并利用交替迭代算法估计声源参数。仿真和实测数据表明:该方法可以用于多目标方位估计且估计精度优于超分辨率的ESPRIT算法。     

低复杂度的宽带阵列测向算法

宽带信号测向算法是传感器阵列定位技术中的难点问题.提出了一种波束域的宽带测向定位算法,利用波束空间变换实现信号的聚焦、降维,利用子空间正交投影抑制干扰.无需方位预估计,信号处理在低维空间进行,有较低的计算复杂度.仿真实验表明,算法以较低的计算量实现了与阵元空间算法相近的性能,并且表现出良好的抗干扰能力.     

基于直接数据域自适应算法的相干信号DOA估计

利用直接数据域自适应算法的稳态权值代替噪声子空间构建空间谱,构造了一种超分辨波达方向(DOA)估计方法.为了解决谱峰搜索时的伪峰问题,采用参考阵元轮换得到多组线性无关稳态权值,逼近噪声子空间,能有效去除伪峰.针对相干信号的DOA估计,进一步提出了直接数据域取对称共轭向量的解相干方法.相比子空间分解类算法,本文算法不需估计信号源数目和协方差矩阵、不需特征分解,复杂度仅为O(MP),同时能有效完成解相干处理.     

一种改进的基于矢量水听器阵列的相干信号方位估计

为了对相关信号源进行方位估计,针对矢量水听器均匀线列阵,Rahamim提出了一种方法,即将测量数据按同一类型水听器进行排列,但该方法只能实现相干信号的一维方位估计,且存在180°模糊.为此,提出了一种改进方法,即将测量数据按同一阵元位置进行排列,采用前后向空间平滑技术.这样不但能实现相干信号的二维方位估计,而且无180...     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.