低复杂度的宽带阵列测向算法

宽带信号测向算法是传感器阵列定位技术中的难点问题.提出了一种波束域的宽带测向定位算法,利用波束空间变换实现信号的聚焦、降维,利用子空间正交投影抑制干扰.无需方位预估计,信号处理在低维空间进行,有较低的计算复杂度.仿真实验表明,算法以较低的计算量实现了与阵元空间算法相近的性能,并且表现出良好的抗干扰能力.     

基于FFT的自适应频率估计算法

为了解决FFT算法中因能量泄露和栅栏效应而导致的算法估计性能下降的问题,提出了一种基于FFT的自适应频率估计算法.分析了Rife算法,指出当信号频率位于量化频率附近时,由于插值方向错误,会导致频率估计性能下降;对于分段FFT相位差频率估计算法,当2段信号最大谱线处对应的相位相差比较大时,容易产生相位模糊,从而增大估计误差.基于FFT的自适应频率估计算法将2种算法进行了综合,既保留了2种算法的优点,又对算法性能有所改进.仿真结果表明:该算法的估计精度、稳定性和抗噪能力都有显著提高.     

基于修正的子空间正交测试宽带DOA估计方法

投影子空间正交性测试法(TOPS)是利用宽带信号多个频点的噪声子空间与信号子空间的正交性实现到达角(DOA)估计。在中等信噪比时该方法估计性能较好,而在其他信噪比条件下空间谱易存在多个"伪峰",算法性能依赖于参考频点的选择。针对该问题,提出了一种新的TOPS算法,该方法通过最大化各频率点信号子空间与噪声子空间特征值区分度选择参考频点,同时利用信号子空间投影代替其零空间投影,避免信号子空间估计误差导致空间谱中产生伪峰,最后利用子空间的正交性实现宽带DOA估计。仿真结果表明,相比于传统的TOPS算法,该方法在一定信噪比条件下,避免了伪峰的出现,提高了TOPS算法的估计精度和分辨率。     

基于ESPRIT的中段弹道目标特征提取方法

提出了一种新的弹道目标特征提取方法:对宽带雷达回波进行STRETCH处理后用ESPRIT方法估计其中频点,然后采用Gerschgorin半径方法进行散射源数目估计,去除虚假频率,获得目标散射点的数目、位置、散射中心强度等特征参数。与基于FFT算法的特征提取方法相比,这种方法具有更强的抑制杂波能力和更高的分辨率。仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

天线与目标特性时域测量系统中的信号处理方法

研究了时域测量系统的信号处理方法.介绍了背景信号对消的预处理方法,将FFT和啁啾变换应用在时域超宽带紧缩场测量系统中,并对大数据量测量时啁啾变换算法和FFT算法的效率进行了比较.     

宽带数字接收机高速信号处理技术

具有1 GHz瞬时带宽的宽带数字接收机是当前数字接收机研究的热点,也是雷达对抗侦察数字接收机的发展方向。详细讨论了宽带数字接收机的几种高速信号处理技术,包括单比特瞬时测频技术、多相滤波信道化技术、基于FFT的信道化接收机和射频带通采样微波数字接收机,最后提出了在宽带中频数字接收机高速信号处理领域需要深入研究的有关技术。     

用FPGA实现浮点FFT处理器的研究

针对定点FFT处理器精度不高的缺点,提出了浮点格式FFT处理器的FPGA硬件实现方案。详细阐述了FFT处理器的自定制浮点格式确定、算法选择和浮点加法实现等关键技术。该处理器已投入使用,工作性能稳定,系统时钟80MHz,完成1024点FFT IFFT运算只需64μs,误差小于-80dB。     

直扩/跳频测控信号捕获算法研究

指出了将直扩/跳频用于航天测控在信号捕获时的特殊性,针对这些特殊问题提出了混合扩频测控的捕获方案,并对其中的2个方面进行了改进.采用基于凯泽窗PMF-FFT方法来实现对频谱幅值的扇形衰减进行改进,采用抛物线插值法对多普勒估计时产生的栅栏效应进行改进.理论分析和仿真结果表明,与原有算法相比较,在相同积分时间内,凯泽窗PMF-FFT方法比直接PMF-FFT能够有效降低FFT输出的峰值衰减,减小频谱泄漏;抛物线插值测频能够有效减少频谱估计误差,从而利于后继跟踪的快速建立.     

高动态环境下BFSK信号的快速解调算法

提出了一种适用于高动态环境下,BFSK信号的快速解调算法。该算法基于FFT频率引导和改进的正交锁相环,利用FFT实现对接收信号的快速捕获,利用改进的正交锁相环对接收信号进行动态跟踪。仿真结果表明在高动态环境中该算法可以快速、准确解调BFSK信号。     

基于矩阵重构算法的宽带相干信号方位估计

根据空间平滑理论准则,提出了一种基于阵列接收数据矩阵重构的宽带相干源方位(DOA)估计算法。将宽带阵列数据分解为若干窄带数据,对每一子带进行空间平滑处理后的数据矩阵重构;再由构造的聚焦矩阵对其进行处理,最终得到平均的阵列协方差矩阵。由子空间方法处理得到信号的方向估计,仿真实验证明了该方法的有效性。     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.