基于优化遗传算法的软硬件划分方法

针对软硬件划分问题,研究了一种优化的遗传算法,提出硬件倾向度的概念,用于遗传算法初始群体的生成,减少了初始解的随机性和搜索的盲目性;在遗传算法过程中,使交叉变异概率随着遗传过程由大变小,保证早期具有较大的搜索空间,后期又能保留较好的解,使用动态结束条件自适应结束遗传算法。与对比算法相比,该算法的效率较高,且在大规模问题求解上能够获得更优解。     

An exact branch‐and‐price algorithm for multitasking scheduling on unrelated parallel machines

We consider the multitasking scheduling problem on unrelated parallel machines to minimize the total weighted completion time. In this problem, each machine processes a set of jobs, while the processing of a selected job on a machine may be interrupted by other available jobs scheduled on the same machine but unfinished. To solve this problem, we propose an exact branch‐and‐price algorithm, where the master problem at each search node is solved by a novel column generation scheme, called in‐out column generation, to maintain the stability of the dual variables. We use a greedy heuristic to obtain a set of initial columns to start the in‐out column generation, and a hybrid strategy combining a genetic algorithm and an exact dynamic programming algorithm to solve the pricing subproblems approximately and exactly, respectively. Using randomly generated data, we conduct numerical studies to evaluate the performance of the proposed solution approach. We also examine the effects of multitasking on the scheduling outcomes, with which the decision maker can justify making investments to adopt or avoid multitasking.     

A cooperative interference resource allocation method based on improved firefly algorithm

To deal with the radio frequency threat posed by modern complex radar networks to aircraft, we researched the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) formations radar countermeasures, aiming at the solution of radar jamming resource allocation under system countermeasures. A jamming resource allocation method based on an improved firefly algorithm (FA) is proposed. Firstly, the comprehensive factors affecting the level of threat and interference efficiency of radiation source are quantified by a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. Besides, the interference efficiency matrix and the objective function of the allocation model are determined to establish the interference resource allocation model. Finally, A mutation operator and an adaptive heuristic are integtated into the FA algorithm, which searches an interference resource allocation scheme. The simulation results show that the improved FA algorithm can compensate for the deficiencies of the FA algorithm. The improved FA algorithm provides a more sci-entific and reasonable decision-making plan for aircraft mission allocation and can effectively deal with the battlefield threats of the enemy radar network. Moreover, in terms of convergence accuracy and speed as well as algorithm stability, the improved FA algorithm is superior to the simulated annealing algorithm (SA), the niche genetic algorithm (NGA), the improved discrete cuckoo algorithm (IDCS), the mutant firefly algorithm (MFA), the cuckoo search and fireflies algorithm (CSFA), and the best neighbor firefly algorithm (BNFA).     

引入优化算子的无人机遗传航路规划算法研究

在大范围真实地形环境中规划出满足任务要求、导航、安全性等约束的较优航路,对提高无人机(UAV)的武器系统性能有重要意义。在基于直接航路编码的遗传算法中引入优化操作算子,将复杂约束合理地应用于遗传进化过程,可以较好地克服一般遗传操作的不足。采用均匀设计的试验方法确定较优的控制参数,并通过算例验证了算法的有效性。     

改进博弈论的舰载无人机编队协同对海突击目标分配

目标分配问题是UAV自主控制的重要问题。针对舰载无人机编队协同对海突击目标分配问题,首先建立了基于离散动态贝叶斯网络的目标价值评估模型,在此基础上构建了舰载无人机编队的益损值矩阵,设计了舰载无人机编队协同对海突击目标分配的决策函数,提出了一种基于改进博弈论的目标分配方法,为4种不同约束条件下的目标分配问题分别设计了算法。最后对所建立的目标价值评估模型和改进博弈论的目标分配算法进行了实例仿真,仿真结果表明了模型和算法的可行性和有效性。     

SEAD场景异构无人机配置与任务规划联合优化方法

对敌防空压制(suppression of enemy air defenses, SEAD)场景是多无人机协同的典型应用,针对该场景特点,在任务规划问题基础上将各类型无人机数量也作为决策变量,充分表征目标、任务和无人机的多种约束,建立异构无人机编队路径问题模型。设计了双层联合优化方法求解该模型：上层设计了任务衔接参数指标,精确评估各类型无人机需求,指导无人机配置调整;下层设计了改进遗传算法,高效处理多类型约束并能结合无人机数量变化对任务方案进行精细调整;双层相互协调获得满足需求的无人机配置和执行方案。仿真结果表明,该方法可以在避免遍历无人机配置组合的前提下获得合理的无人机配置方案和高效可行的执行方案。     

无人机自主控制应用需求及研究发展分析

随着无人机装备的快速普及,自主控制技术越来越成为提高无人机系统生存能力、适应能力和任务完成能力的重要因素。通过对无人机实战场景和使用需求的分析,提出近期对自主控制技术应用的重要需求是提高无人机感知能力和对故障及飞行状态的适应性。分析了当前自主控制技术在外部态势、内部态势和适应性飞行控制方面的研究和应用现状。最后,根据对应用需求的分析和当前相关技术的发展应用情况的考察,提出了无人机适应性自主控制的技术框架。     

无人机的协同侦察航路规划

无人机将成为侦察卫星、有人驾驶侦察机的重要补充与增强手段 ,成为未来战场上广泛应用的一种侦察工具。为了提高无人机 (U AV)的侦察效率 ,在执行侦察任务前必需规划设计出高效的无人机侦察飞行航路。针对这一问题 ,提出了一种侦察效率指标评估的计算方法 ,解决了航路规划中的侦察效率量化问题。考虑在大范围任务区域内进行侦察航路优化存在计算的复杂性和收敛等问题 ,采用遗传算法对侦察航路进行了优化处理。通过该方法得到的侦察航路可以有效地提高无人机的侦察效率。     

城市环境下单无人机测向定位航迹优化算法

为解决单架无人机在城市环境中对辐射源目标的定位问题,提出了一种基于环境预测法的单无人机测向定位航迹优化算法。使用交互多模型-扩展卡尔曼滤波进行视距和非视距信号混合环境下的目标估计。结合估计的目标位置和城市地理信息模型,基于视线追踪法求解信号遮挡区域和多径信号干扰区域。在滚动时域控制算法框架下生成无人机预测轨迹,以最大化Fisher信息矩阵行列式为测向定位评价准则,考虑建筑物障碍以及其对信号的遮挡和反射效应对无人机测向定位航迹的影响,控制无人机选择最优航向飞行。仿真结果表明,该方法能够使无人机在存在障碍、信号遮挡和多径干扰的环境下实现对目标的高精度测向定位,为解决城市环境下的单架无人机测向定位问题提供了新思路。     

基于改进差分进化算法的内弹道参数优化

火炮内弹道参数直接影响其计算结果,内弹道参数优化设计是内弹道分析计算的重要环节。基于经典内弹道计算模型,以火药内弹道计算中最为敏感的燃速指数及其燃速系数为设计参量,以最大膛压及弹丸初速的计算值与测试值一致性为目标,对差分进化算法群体的初始化、变异因子及变异模式进行了改进,对某型火炮的内弹道参数进行了优化计算。优化设计结果表明改进后的差分进化算法满足内弹道设计工程实践要求,为内弹道参数优化设计提供了一种有效的算法。     

Adaptive fault-tolerant control based on boundary estimation for space robot under joint actuator faults and uncertain parameters

Since the joint actuator of the space robot executes the control instructions frequently in the harsh space environment, it is prone to the partial loss of control effectiveness (PLCE) fault. An adaptive fault-tolerant control algorithm is designed for a space robot system with the uncertain parameters and the PLCE actuator faults. The mathematical model of the system is established based on the Lagrange method, and the PLCE actuator fault is described as an effectiveness factor. The lower bound of the effectiveness factors and the upper bound of the uncertain parameters are estimated by an adaptive strategy, and the estimated value is fed back to the control algorithm. Compared with the traditional fault-tolerant algorithms, the proposed algorithm does not need to predetermine the lower bound of the effectiveness factor, hence it is more in line with the actual engineering application. It is proved that the algorithm can guarantee the stability of the closed-loop system based on the Lyapunov function method. The numerical simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can not only compensate for the uncertain parameters, but also can tolerate the PLCE actuator faults effectively, which verifies the effectiveness and superiority of the control scheme.     

GPS定位中2种自适应滤波的组合算法

分析了卡尔曼滤波发散的原因,并给出了指数加权的衰减自适应记忆滤波和噪声加权自适应滤波2种算法用来抑制发散,相应地分析了衰减因子的选取以及噪声模型的在线估计,最后提出这2种定位方式组合的定位算法。仿真结果表明,衰减自适应记忆滤波和噪声加权自适应滤波明显提高了卡尔曼滤波的定位精度并且抑制了发散,组合算法在提高定位精度、抑制发散的同时,使这2种定位方式的优点形成了互补,增加了算法的稳定性。     

Maneuvering target tracking of UAV based on MN-DDPG and transfer learning

Tracking maneuvering target in real time autonomously and accurately in an uncertain environment is one of the challenging missions for unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs).In this paper,aiming to address the control problem of maneuvering target tracking and obstacle avoidance,an online path planning approach for UAV is developed based on deep reinforcement learning.Through end-to-end learning powered by neural networks,the proposed approach can achieve the perception of the environment and continuous motion output control.This proposed approach includes:(1)A deep deterministic policy gradient(DDPG)-based control framework to provide learning and autonomous decision-making capa-bility for UAVs;(2)An improved method named MN-DDPG for introducing a type of mixed noises to assist UAV with exploring stochastic strategies for online optimal planning;and(3)An algorithm of task-decomposition and pre-training for efficient transfer learning to improve the generalization capability of UAV's control model built based on MN-DDPG.The experimental simulation results have verified that the proposed approach can achieve good self-adaptive adjustment of UAV's flight attitude in the tasks of maneuvering target tracking with a significant improvement in generalization capability and training efficiency of UAV tracking controller in uncertain environments.     

采用改进Sage-Husa自适应滤波的运动目标三维定位方法

提出不依赖于测距信息,利用两架基于视觉的无人机对运动目标进行三维交会定位的方法。采用多模型交互方法实现在不预知目标运动模式的条件下对运动目标的实时定位;采用改进的Sage-Husa自适应滤波算法,综合协方差匹配技术和正定性判断,提高了定位精度。为评估这些方法的性能,模拟真实观测条件进行仿真。结果表明,提出的方法可以实时对运动目标的三维坐标进行估计。改进的Sage-Husa自适应滤波算法可以显著提高定位精度,在90°观测夹角下,平均估计误差从27.13 m降低到14.62 m。仿真研究了两无人机观测夹角对定位的影响,结果表明:过小的夹角不利于定位精度的提高;较大的夹角对无滤波定位方法有较好的效果,但对基于改进的Sage-Husa自适应滤波算法的定位方法影响并不明显。     

多特征的UAV快速目标识别算法仿真

针对UAV(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle)侦察图像快速目标识别问题,重点展开基于多特征的UAV快速目标识别算法的仿真研究。算法结合图像的不变矩特征和SIFT特征,首先用不变矩特征构造适应度函数并利用遗传算法的全局搜索能力,在侦察图像中进行搜索,快速提取出可能包含目标的感兴趣区域(ROI,Region of Interest);然后采用尺度不变特征变换算法(SIFT,Scale Invariant Feature Transform)在ROI区域中进行匹配识别,从而确定目标的精确位置。仿真结果表明:算法具有较强的鲁棒性,能有效地识别飞机目标并显著减少识别时间,为UAV系统提供了一种近实时的目标识别方法。     

基于改进ACO算法的多UAV协同航路规划

针对无人机(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle,UAV)在执行任务过程中遇到的诸如敌方防空火力、地形障碍及恶略天气等各类威胁源,采用威胁源概率分布的方法进行威胁的量化处理,构建任务空间的威胁概率密度分布图,有效消除了威胁源的差异性。根据UAV在任务飞行过程中的性能约束与时、空协同约束,同时考虑任务过程中UAV的损毁概率最小、任务航程最短,构建了相应的综合任务航路代价最优化目标函数。结合传统蚁群优化算法(Ant Colony Optimization,ACO)在解决此类问题中的不足,给出了相应的改进策略,提出采用协同多种群ACO进化策略来实现多UAV在满足时、空协同约束下的协同航路规划。通过相应的仿真计算表明,改进后的ACO协同多种群进化策略算法更适用于多UAV协同任务航路规划问题,具有一定的实用性。从而为多UAV协同任务航路规划问题的求解提供了科学的决策依据。     

基于蒙特卡洛法的无人机飞行冲突解脱安全评估

冲突解脱技术是无人机与有人机共域飞行的前提保障。针对目前缺少对冲突解脱技术安全评估的方法,提出运用蒙特卡洛法对飞行冲突进行仿真模拟,得出冲突解脱算法的安全效率。提出基于改进蚁群算法的冲突解脱技术,实现无人机的飞行冲突解脱;利用蒙特卡洛法,对飞行冲突过程进行大规模仿真,计算冲突解脱效率,与基本蚁群算法进行对比,并从安全角度对结果进行分析。提出的思路可为未来无人机空域运行安全评估体系的构建提供一种理论参考。     

应用单亲遗传算法进行大规模UCAVs任务分配

在应用GA求解大规模无人作战飞机(UCAVs)任务分配这个典型组合优化问题时,需要使用描述问题直观的序号编码方式,但由于传统的交叉、变异算子操作复杂,因而进化效率不高.针对上述的不足,提出了一种单亲遗传算法,采用序号编码,使用基因换位等遗传算子,简化了遗传操作.通过对单亲遗传算法、传统遗传算法求解该问题所得的结果作了详细的比较,证明了单亲遗传算法在寻优效率上的优越性.     

基于蚁群算法的无人机航迹规划及其动态仿真

为实现无人机航迹规划的实时性和交互性,建立了无人机动态仿真系统。以"捕食者"无人机模型为应用背景,结合MAK仿真技术的相关理论,利用蚁群算法计算了无人机航迹规划,并实现了Matlab平台下的实例仿真。基于构建的仿真系统,利用MAK软件实现了二维和三维飞行过程的显示,仿真效果理想,为无人机航迹规划结果的交互验证提供了一种有效的手段。     

均衡聚类市场拍卖机制的异构无人机集群任务规划方法

针对大规模异构无人机集群的全局任务规划问题,提出一种基于均衡聚类市场拍卖机制的任务规划方法。对无人机群协同合作完成任务的场景进行分析,综合任务聚类和无人机联盟的优势,建立了通用性较高的任务规划模型。考虑到对无人机群负载均衡的需求,融合和改进了K-means聚类算法和市场拍卖机制,形成一种综合考虑路程消耗和任务消耗的均衡聚类市场拍卖算法。在拍卖过程中引入平衡参数,通过计算旅行商问题来修正平衡参数,保证无人机群在负载均衡的同时整体成本不断降低。仿真结果表明,使用均衡聚类市场拍卖机制的任务规划方法能够在较短时间内完成异构无人机群的复杂任务规划,保证无人机群负载均衡的同时,整体成本和总时间上也有较好表现,具有一定的实际应用价值。