三维石英纤维增强氮化物基复合材料的烧蚀性能及显微结构

采用先驱体转化法制备了三维石英纤维增强氮化物基复合材料(3D SiO2f/Si3N4-BN),用等离子射流烧蚀方法研究了复合材料的烧蚀性能,运用扫描电镜及能谱仪对烧蚀表面微观形貌进行了观察和分析。结果表明氮化物基复合材料在高压高热流等离子体烧蚀下线烧蚀率为0.91mm/s,石英纤维熔融并被吹除带走了大量的热量,熔融层抑制了基体的机械剥蚀。基体由于强度高、升华温度高,延缓了熔融层的吹除,表明氮化物基复合材料是一种良好的耐高温烧蚀透波材料。     

圆波导中测定手性复合材料屏蔽效能的数值模拟

为实现理论分析和实验结果的相互印证,首先理论分析了单层手性复合材料作为屏蔽体时,材料的电磁特性参数与屏蔽效能之间的关系,给出自由空间中屏蔽效能两种常用的表达形式,并结合圆波导边界条件给出关系式的修正结果;然后模拟研究了在利用圆波导测定手性材料屏蔽效能情况下,电磁参数与屏蔽效能的关系.在导电性基质材料和磁性基质材料情况下,分别利用Matlab软件模拟了介电常数虚部和磁导率虚部对屏蔽效能的影响,为实验结果的理论分析提供一种研究途径.     

裂解温度对PIP制备2D Cf/Si-O-C复合材料结构与性能的影响

以二维碳纤维布、硅树脂先驱体、SiC微粉和乙醇溶剂为原料,采用先驱体转化工艺制备了2D Cf/Si-O-C复合材料,考察了裂解温度对材料结构和性能的影响。结果表明,首周期裂解温度对制备材料的力学性能有重要影响,纤维-基体间的界面弱化是复合材料力学性能提高的主要原因;第6周期采用合适的温度裂解可提高复合材料的力学性能,其弯曲强度和断裂韧性分别达到了263.9MPa和12.8MPa.m1/2。     

低速冲击下玻璃钢/钢复合结构损伤特性实验研究

考虑基体材料的不同增韧特性,针对两种不同的玻纤织物增强复合材料/钢复合结构进行低速冲击实验,采用超声波探伤仪对玻璃钢损伤区域进行了探测.结果表明,采用增韧基体的玻璃钢/钢复合结构在低速冲击下玻璃钢层的抗冲击能力更强,相同能量冲击下的损伤面积更小;损伤面积近似呈正方形分布,正方形对角线与纤维方向一致.     

球磨时间对纳米SiO_2/Cu复合材料摩擦学性能的影响

采用球磨法与热压烧结工艺制备了添加w（n-SiO2）=1.0%的铜基纳米复合材料。通过球盘式摩擦磨损试验机测试了复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,采用排水法和场发射扫描电镜（FSEM）研究了复合材料的致密度、显微组织和磨损形貌。结果表明：球磨可提高复合材料的致密度,改善n-SiO2在铜基体中的分散均匀性;随球磨时间的增加,复合材料的动摩擦因数和磨损量先减小后增加,球磨10 h复合材料具有较低的摩擦因数和磨损量,磨损机理主要为磨料磨损。     

T300和JC2#纤维增强C/SiC复合材料力学性能对比

以聚碳硅烷(PCS)为先驱体,采用聚合物浸渍裂解法(PIP)分别制备得到T300碳纤维和JC2#碳纤维增强C/SiC复合材料。JC2#C/SiC复合材料具有优异的力学性能,抗弯强度和断裂韧性分别达到662MPa和19.5MPa.m1/2;T300 C/SiC复合材料表现出低强度、高脆性,其抗弯强度和断裂韧性不足前者的四分之一。T300 C/SiC复合材料低性能的根本原因在于T300纤维在PCS裂解过程中性能严重下降,复合材料中纤维与基体间存在强界面结合是另一个影响因素。     

室内装饰织物燃烧特性研究

室内装饰织物因其容易点燃、燃烧速度快、蔓延迅速等燃烧特性,对室内火灾的发展蔓延及火灾危害都有重要影响。运用锥形量热仪对棉麻、涤纶、帆布、泡纱、条绒等5种室内装饰织物的燃烧性能进行了实验研究,测量了室内装饰织物在不同热辐射条件下的燃烧特性,并对实验数据进行图像拟合,通过具体的实验数据和图像分析比较了5种室内装饰织物在不同热辐射条件下的点燃时间、热释放速率、质量损失速率、比消光面积及CO生成量。最后得出了各种织物的火灾危险性相对大小。     

聚碳硅烷——沥青共混体流变性与纺丝研究

聚碳硅烷和沥青分别是转化ＳｉＣ纤维和碳纤维的先驱体,两者共混或共聚就可以得到一种新功能纤维──ＳｉＣ－Ｃ纤维的先驱体。该先驱体的可纺丝性直接与聚碳硅烷和沥青的性质相关,只有两组份的可纺丝温度区间交叉才可能得到可纺性好的聚碳硅烷──沥青共混先驱体。该研究结果对于制备ＳｉＣ－Ｃ纤维时选择组份材料和共混工艺有指导意义。     

纤维缠绕复合材料的弹性模量

缠绕成型的秆稚增强复合材料是一种正交异性材料。本文综述了这类材料的弹性模量的确定方法。首先讨论了单层复合材料,给出了弹性模量的定义、弹性模量随坐标轴旋转的变化和虎克定律的两种形式,并且初步介绍了耦合效应的概念。接着列出了用组成成份的性质来计算单层复合材料弹性模量的公式,着重介绍了这些弹性模量的实验测定,包括平板拉伸试件的加工、试验方法和注意事项,文中列出了典型的试验结果。这一部分工作是101研究室的实验小组共同进行的。最后,给出了交叉迭层复合材料弹性模量的计算公式。为了实用起见,这些公式是针对圆筒形压力容器的封头和圆筒段两部分分别列出的,并且介绍了考虑金属内衬时的计算公式。列出了计算实例。     

复合固体推进剂等效力学性能VCFEM细观预示方法

根据固体推进剂的细观结构特征,采用等圆最优装载方式生成代表性体积单元(Representative Volume Element,RVE)模型,并结合Voronoi单元有限元方法(Voronoi Cell Finite Element Method,VCFEM)和均匀化方法,发展了一种可预示固体推进剂等效力学性能的数值分析方法,从而得到体分比和组分材料对等效模量和等效泊松比的影响规律。为证明该方法的有效性,设计一个对称数值模型,通过对该方法和传统有限元方法的节点位移结果的比较,发现两者之间的相对误差小于5%,且VCFEM用少量单元就完成了分析,提高了计算效率。通过对不同细观结构下推进剂RVE模型的计算,发现随着夹杂体分比的增大,夹杂的颗粒增强效应越明显,基体材料的变化比夹杂材料对等效力学性能有着更加显著的影响。     

复合材料的弹性常数与损伤的直接测试

本文将复合材料细观力学和复合材料微裂纹损伤理论与直接测试方法结合起来,在一次加载条件下直接测得复合材料结构件的弹性常数和损伤变量随外载的变化规律,从而可避免直接测试方法的多次加载的困难。由碳纤维／环氧复合材料圆筒壳的轴压实验的直接测试所得结果比较合理,表明该方法是合理可靠的,特别是在加载条件下直接测得复合材料结构件的损伤发展规律之后,可将复合材料微裂纹损伤理论直接用于工程结构件的动态损伤监测。     

低成本微小型无人机航姿测量系统设计

根据微小型无人机航姿测量需求,利用MEMS传感器设计了一种低成本的航姿测量系统．针对低成本MEMS陀螺仪本身漂移较大、容易发散、无法完成较长时间较高精度测量的特点,提出一种实时性强、计算量小的信息融合方法．利用地球重力场、地磁场2个参考向量,采用互补滤波对不同传感器的数据进行融合,实现提高该航姿测量系统测量精度的目的．实验结果表明,该航姿测量系统的更新速率达到450Hz,姿态角测量误差〈1°,航向角测量误差〈2°,能够满足微小型无人机航向和姿态测量需求．     

Effect of nano powder (Al2O3-CaO) addition on the mechanical properties of the polymer blend matrix composite

This work describes the preparation and study of the properties of composite nanoparticles prepared by the sol-gel method which consists of two materials (Al₂O₃-CaO), and study the effect of these nanoparticles on the mechanical behavior of a polymer blend (EP 4% + 96% UPE). The powder was evaluated by X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy analysis (SEM), particle size analysis, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The mechanical behavior of the composite material was assessed by tensile test, bending test and hardness test. The evaluation results of the composite nanoparticles showed good distribution of the chemical composition between aluminum oxide and calcium oxide, smoothness in particles' size at calcination in high and low temperatures, formation of different shapes of nanoparticles and different (kappa and gamma) phases of the Al₂O₃ particles. The results of mechanical behavior tests showed marked improvement in the mechanical properties of the resulted composite material, especially at 1.5%, compared with polymer blend material without nano powder addition. The tensile properties improved about (24 and 14.9) % and bending resistance about (23.5 and 16.8) % and hardness by (25 and 22) % when adding particles of size (63.8 and 68.6) respectively. Therefore, this reflects the efficiency of the proposed method to manufacture the nanocomposite powder and the possibility of using this powder as a strengthening material for the composite materials and using these composite materials in bio applications, especially in the fabrication of artificial limbs.     

Formation and characterization of core-shell CL-20/TNT composite prepared by spray-drying technique

The core-shell 2,4,6,8,10,12-Hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane/2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (CL-20/TNT) composite was prepared by spray-drying method in which sensitive high energy explosive (CL-20) was coated with insensitive explosive (TNT). The structure and properties of different formulations of CL-20/TNT composite and CL-20/TNT mixture were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Laser particle size analyzer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), impact sensitivity test and detonation performance. The results of SEM, TEM, XPS and XRD show that ϵ-CL-20 particles are coated by TNT. When the ratio of CL-20/TNT is 75/25, core-shell structure is well formed, and thickness of the shell is about 20–30 nm. And the analysis of heat and impact show that with the increase of TNT content, the TNT coating on the core-shell composite material can not only catalyze the thermal decomposition of core material (CL-20), but also greatly reduce the impact sensitivity. Compared with the CL-20/TNT mixture (75/25) at the same ratio, the characteristic drop height of core-shell CL-20/TNT composite (75/25) increased by 47.6% and the TNT coating can accelerate the nuclear decomposition in the CL-20/TNT composites. Therefore, the preparation of the core-shell composites can be regarded as a unique means, by which the composites are characterized by controllable decomposition rate, high energy and excellent mechanical sensitivity and could be applied to propellants and other fields.     

Micromechanical simulation and experimental investigation of aluminum-based nanocomposites

Ceramic reinforced metal matrix nanocomposites are widely used in aerospace and auto industries due to their enhanced mechanical and physical properties. In this research, we investigate the mechanical properties of aluminum/Nano-silica composites through experiments and simulations. Aluminum/Nano-silica composite samples with different weight percentages of silica nanoparticles are prepared via powder metallurgy. In this method, Nano-silica and aluminum powders are mixed and compressed in a mold, followed by sintering at high temperatures. Uniaxial tensile testing of the nanocomposite samples shows that adding one percent of Nano-silica causes a considerable increase in mechanical properties of nanocomposite compared to pure aluminum. A computational micromechanical model, based on a representative volume element of aluminum/silica nanocomposite, is developed in a commercial finite element software. The model employs an elastoplastic material model along with a ductile damage model for aluminum matrix and linear elastic model for nano-silica particles. Via careful determination of model parameters from the experimental results of pure aluminum samples prepared by powder metallurgy, the proposed computational model has shown satisfactory agreement with experiments. The validated computational model can be used to perform a parametric study to optimize the micro-structure of nanocomposite for enhanced mechanical properties.     

短纤维复合材料的随机微结构力学分析

利用随机介质微观力学方法对纤维大小、方向随机分布的短纤维复合材料弹性模量进行了计算。给出了与微观性能相联系的复合材料弹性模量计算公式。对铝基碳化硅增强短纤维复合材料进行了计算及实验验证。     

Influence of high overload on the collimating lenses of laser ranging systems

Collimating lenses are an important component of laser ranging systems, and high overload environments severely affect the beam shaping effect of such lenses. This study proposes a buffer isolation method on the basis of impact stress wave attenuation theory for collimating lens spacers. ANSYS finite element software was applied to simulate the high load dynamics of collimating lenses, and the buffer isolation performance of different materials and composite structures was compared and analysed. Optical simulation analysis of the collimating lenses under different buffer conditions was performed using ZEMAX software to study the mechanism by which a high overload affects the collimating lenses. High overload and optical shaping experiments based on theoretical analysis were further conducted. Results showed the superiority of butadiene rubber to polytetrafluoroethylene after application of 70000 g impact acceleration. The combination-gasket method was superior to the single-gasket method, and the sandwich combination-gasket method was superior to the double-layer combination-gasket method.     

SAR微动目标的稀疏贝叶斯成像方法

SAR微动信息能够反映出目标的属性信息,其微动图像可作为雷达目标识别的一种重要手段。基于SAR微动目标回波的稀疏特性,建立了在过完备词典下的稀疏表示模型,提出一种新的稀疏贝叶斯重构方法——方差成分扩张压缩,该方法仅赋予有重要意义的信号元素不同的方差分量,拥有更少的参数。仿真结果表明,方差成分扩张压缩方法能较精确地估计出SAR目标微动参数,同时能够获得低信噪比条件下较好的微动目标像。     

微胶囊技术简介

微胶囊技术能够使物质产生物态变化,实现物质的固化,在医药、农药、食品、饲料、涂料、油墨、黏合剂、洗涤剂、感光材料、纺织等行业,都得到了广泛的应用。介绍了微胶囊技术的发展史,微胶囊的组成与制备方法,微胶囊的性质及应用．     

直接挤出成型用环氧树脂的流变性及其可打印性

直接挤出成型制造适用于任何含或不含添加剂的膏状或凝胶状复合材料,对复合材料制造技术具有深远意义。通过探讨热固性环氧树脂的流变学行为与挤出成型特性,得出热固性环氧树脂在直接挤出成型制造应用中的通用性流变学参数。通过向复合材料中加入增稠剂,对其流变学行为进行设计。结果表明:在高剪切速率(50 s~(-1))和低剪切速率(0.01 s~(-1))下,添加30%纳米黏土的环氧树脂的流变学行为较适合挤出式3D打印工艺。利用龙门式气动挤出式3D打印机,对复合材料的打印成型质量进行试验分析和验证。结合试验结果探讨了喷头高度对复合材料成型质量的影响,并且提出适用于喷头高度临界值的计算方法。探讨了挤出率、剪切速率等因素对成型质量的作用规律。针对多层打印问题,提出包含补偿系数的多层打印的临界喷头高度的计算方法。以上研究对促进基于复合材料的挤出式3D打印具有积极意义。