某复合增程弹弹体断裂原因诊断及对策

为探寻某复合增程弹弹体断裂原因并给出相应的解决措施,对弹体残骸和发射火炮进行了详细检测,建立了弹丸在正常受力和非正常受力情况下弹体所承受剪切应力的计算方法,并作了相应计算,从而确定了弹体发生断裂的原因。与此同时,提出了相应的改进措施,并进行了试验验证。结果表明,弹体发生断裂是弹体结构本身以及火炮环境等多方面因素作用的结果,通过优化弹丸结构可以实现满足发射强度要求。研究结果可为相类似弹丸的设计提供参考。     

基于正交试验与灰关联的弹体着靶参数敏感性分析

为分析着靶参数对截锥形半穿甲战斗部侵彻性能的影响程度,通过正交试验制定了试验方案并进行了数值仿真,同时对正交试验结果数据进行了灰关联分析,得到了弹体侵彻过程中着靶参数与弹体最大过载、速度变化量以及弹体偏转角之间的关联程度。分析结果表明:着靶参数对弹体最大过载的影响程度排序为:靶板厚度入射速度入射角度攻角;对弹体速度变化量的影响程度排序为:靶板厚度入射角度入射速度攻角;对弹体偏转角的影响程度排序依次为:弹体攻角入射速度入射角度靶板厚度。分析结论可为着靶姿态的控制及舰船防护提供一定的参考。     

不同侵彻速度下陶瓷复合装甲等效均质钢靶板的建立

利用有限元软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA对钨合金长杆弹侵彻陶瓷复合装甲与均质钢进行了数值仿真。重点分析了长杆弹垂直侵彻复合装甲全过程,研究了钨合金长杆弹体入射速度与弹体剩余动能、损失动能之间的关系。同时,拟合了长杆弹在不同入射速度侵彻均质钢靶下弹体剩余动能与靶板厚度之间的关系。并根据终点效应关系式,建立了弹体在不同入射速度下陶瓷复合装甲的均质钢等效靶板。分析结果表明,陶瓷复合装甲等效均质钢靶板厚度随弹体入射速度呈先增加后稳定趋势。研究结果对毁伤效能试验与战斗部设计等具有一定的参考价值和借鉴意义。     

超声透射时差法固体推进剂厚度及缺陷检测

利用超声透射时差法无损检测原理,结合TDC时间数字测量技术,首次提出仅利用测量时间就可实现固体推进剂厚度及缺陷的多参数检测方法,设计出探头架,分析了超声在推进剂中传播过程,并设计出实验系统。通过对某固体推进剂厚度、径向自然缺陷和轴向人工缺陷检测,厚度测量误差不超过±0.05 mm,缺陷有效阈值为6.0~10.7,结果表明本方法及系统切实可行。理论上,本系统时间测量范围为3.6 ns到200 ms,精度为125 ps,裂缝缺陷分辨率大于0.001 mm。     

基于零点匹配的弹体构件超声检测方法

针对弹体坯料构件检测效率较低的问题,提出了一种基于零点匹配的超声检测原理。零点匹配原理是基于被检构件在做周期性的匀速旋转过程中自身曲率变化的规律提出的,表现为探头与构件下表面的距离变化。利用小波分析的方法对含有噪声的周期距离信号进行降噪处理,并采用求不同检测截面间周期信号的互相关函数的方法,对各截面零点进行一致性判断,根据判断结果进行零点匹配。该方法有效缩短了零点传感器进行零点判断过程所需的等待时间,有效提高了构件检测的效率。     

旋转弹体高速入水水中弹道的模拟方法

针对旋转弹体高速入水特点,从弹体运动的动力学方程和相似理论出发,提出了模拟旋转弹体高速入水水中弹道的马赫相似实验方案.该方案在大气环境条件下,能够实现原型和模型两系统的主要相似准数相等.     

捷联干涉仪导引头旋转弹体角运动解耦设计

捷联导引头在结构上与弹体固连,由于耦合有弹体角运动信息,从而不能直接得到比例导引所需的制导信号.针对采用相位干涉仪制导的旋转导弹,分析了相位干涉仪的测角机制,探讨了弹体角运动解耦原则.最后,提出了一种采用动力陀螺实现弹体角运动解耦的可行性方法,并易得到比例导引所需要的制导信号.仿真结果表明,该方法可以很好地隔离弹体角运动的影响,去耦效果良好,具有一定的工程可行性.     

弹药弹体尺寸自动测量系统

在对某系列特种弹药的弹体结构尺寸分析和归类的基础上,详细阐述了弹体几何尺寸的测量原理,并结合工厂的实际,采用激光位移传感器和计算机自动控制技术,实现了弹体的关键尺寸的数字化测量与评价。实际应用表明该系统可以有效地提高弹体尺寸的测量精度并定量评价弹体的尺寸误差,内外径和同轴度的测量精度可达10μm以内,外长的测量精度可达100μm以内,能有效地指导加工的工艺流程和加工的尺寸精度控制。     

加筋板架抗动能穿甲的等效防护厚度研究

为研究舰船舷侧结构抗穿甲性能,采用有限元分析了两种典型工况下板架的穿甲破坏模式、弹体的剩余速度和板架的变形吸能规律,提出了基于剪切冲塞模式的剩余速度理论计算模型,比较了不同等效计算方法得到的结果,并将理论计算结果分别与相关文献的实验结果和本文的有限元计算结果进行了比较,两者之间均吻合较好。结果表明,加强筋对板架的抗穿甲性能影响较大,而板架的实际等效厚度是决定其抗穿甲性能的主要因素;不同的等效计算方法与模型相对尺寸、弹体冲击速度以及命中位置有关,对于弹体直径相对较大且初始冲击速度较高时,不同的等效计算方法得到的结果基本一致。     

高速杆式弹侵彻下蓄液结构耗能机理数值分析

为探讨蓄液结构的耗能机理,采用瞬态非线性有限元,揭示了杆式弹侵彻下蓄液结构的破坏过程和模式,研究了其能量耗散机制,并对比分析了有无液体时蓄液结构前后面板不同厚度配比下的弹道极限速度。结果表明:弹体侵入蓄液结构后,其冲击动能主要转化为液体的动能;弹体射出后,液体通过空泡膨胀挤压蓄液结构变形的方式,将其动能再逐步转化为结构的变形能。固定蓄液结构前后面板总厚度8mm不变,未蓄液下其弹道极限速度随前后面板厚度比的增大呈先增加后降低的趋势,在前后面板厚度配比为4/4时抗侵彻能力最强;蓄液时其弹道极限度随前后面板厚度比的增加而不断降低,在厚度配比为1/7时抗侵彻能力最强。     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.