美俄地基激光反卫星武器发展

随着卫星在现代战争中的作用越来越大,反卫星武器也层出不穷.文章首先论述了地基激光反卫星武器定义及攻击方式,介绍了地基激光反卫星武器的特点,阐述了美俄地基激光反卫星武器的发展状况,最后指出了地基激光反卫星武器发展的相关问题.     

美国反卫星武器发展方向及启示

21世纪以来,美国调整了反卫星武器的发展政策,动能反卫星、微小卫星反卫星、激光反卫星成为其反卫星武器发展的主要方向,同时美国还注重利用电子对抗等软杀伤手段实施反卫星,并将依托航天技术发展更加先进的反卫星武器。为了抵御军事强国的空间挑衅,有效维护国家安全和战略利益,我国在反卫星武器发展方面应该加强顶层设计,加大经费投入,着力突破关键技术,争取早日形成攻防兼备、慑战一体的空间攻防体系。     

前苏联发展反卫星武器的回顾

随着军用卫星的种类变化和性能提高 ,以及为谋求外层空间作战的军事优势 ,前苏联一直在积极发展反卫星武器。介绍了前苏联反卫星武器的组成、特点、技术方案及其发展情况 ,最后归纳了关于前苏联反卫星武器的几点看法。     

一天打掉40颗卫星 美上世纪70年代反卫星武器计划曝光

2008年初，美国海军在导弹巡洋·舰上发射的一枚导弹，击落了一颗退役的美国侦察卫星。然而，值得注意的是，自进入太空时代50多年来，美国对发展反卫星武器的态度一直反复无常。华盛顿对反卫星武器的态度之所以会摇摆不定，主要是因为反卫星武器的效用当时还不甚明了。近期解密的一些文件进一步揭示了美国发展反卫星武器的情况。     

由美国“导弹打卫星”看其反卫星武器发展

2008年2月21日，美国上演了一场“导弹打卫星”大戏。美军之所以在全球反对空间军事化的时候上演这一幕戏，是有其战略思考和目的的。多年来，美国一直积极研制和发展反卫星武器，是目前世界上反卫星技术手段最先进的国家，拥有核、非核、动能和定向能等反卫星武器。由于对空间的依赖和利用越来越大，美国不断研制和开发新的反卫星武器，其发展建设具有许多特点和规律。基于对空间的依赖，美国不断加大在反卫星武器方面的投入，其发展呈现出多样化的趋势。     

美国反卫星武器发展动向

近年来,美国一直致力于研制用于空间对抗的武器装备,目前正在大力发展进攻性空间对抗装备,独霸太空的野心不言而喻。根据美国国防信息中心对2008财年美国空间武器国防预算的分析,美国近期将重点发展天基拦截器试验床(SBI)、近地红外实验(NFIRE)卫星、实验卫星系列(XSS)、"评估局部空间自主纳卫星护卫者"(ANGELS)和"星火光学试验场"(SOR)等5项计划,其中 NFIRE、XSS 和 SOR 计划带有明显的反卫星色彩。本文下面谈及的武器装备,既包括明显或主要用于反卫星任务的,也包括具备潜在反卫星能力的;还包括相关武器技术具备可扩展性,加以延伸后能够加入反卫星行列的。地基动能反卫星武器     

美军加紧发展激光武器

1　美国陆军加紧发展激光反卫星武器最近 ,美国陆军利用新墨西哥州白沙导弹靶场高能激光系统试验设施 (ＨＥＬＳＴＦ)的“中红外先进化学激光器”(ＭＩＲＡＣＬ)和“海石光束定向器”(ＳＬＢＤ)进行了世界上首次公开进行的激光反卫星试验 ,目标卫星高度 4 2 5ｋｍ ,试验取得部分成功。此后相当长的时间里 ,美国国防部和陆军就开始逐步封锁有关激光反卫星的消息。最近 ,美国《陆军内情》在获得一系列军方内部文件的基础上 ,报道了 2 0 0 0财年美国陆军在激光反卫星武器方面的进展情况 ,并且指出 ,美国对激光反卫星武器的研制不但没有停止 ,而…     

美国加紧研制反卫星卫星

近年来,美国作为世界航天第一大国,为了索取“制天权”,一直致力于空间武器装备的研制,其独霸太空的野心不言而喻。从美国目前的相关计划来看,重点是提高空间态势感知能力和发展反卫星武器,以保持美国在空间的绝对优势。最近,美国加快了反卫星武器的研制工作,特别是以DART、XSS-11和MITEX卫星为代表的微小卫星的升空反映了美国空间武器发展的最新动向,由发展防御性武器转变为大力发展进攻性空间武器。     

谁是真正的“卫星杀手？——几种反卫星武器优劣点评

21世纪，世界各国争夺“制天权”的斗争将更为激烈。像美国这样的超级大国为了谋求对外层空间的绝对控制，近年来—直在大力发展其反卫星武器系统，而中小航天弱国为了遏制大国控制空间、利用空间的能力，也会积极发展反卫星武器。在这样的大背景下，形形色色的反卫星武器如雨后春笋般出现在外层空间对抗的舞台上。     

新概念武器对战略导弹突防能力的影响研究

积极发展新概念武器 ,推进实战化进程 ,是打破空间不对称战略的有效途径。本文分析了新概念武器的反卫星能力 ;建立了新概念武器对战略导弹突防能力支持的计算模型 ;最后就新概念武器对战略导弹突防能力评估的应用结果进行了分析。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.