前言

柔性制造系统总体可靠性技术是指在系统设计、试验、考核、运行、维护等各个阶段,定性与定量地分析、管理控制及改进系统可靠性的一门综合应用工程技术。柔性制造系统可靠性技术包含以下几方面内容:系统总体的可靠性设计,可靠性指标分析,预计与分配技术,可靠性评估,可靠性验收,系统维修设计,系统的故障树分析及失效模     

试飞阶段军用飞机任务可靠性增长建模及评估

针对试飞阶段军用飞机可靠性增长的特点,提出一种基于Gamma分布的军用飞机任务可靠性增长建模和评估方法。该方法分析了Gamma分布曲线特点及其与试飞阶段任务可靠性增长过程的符合性。通过某型飞机试飞数据应用,结果表明:该方法可用于试飞阶段军用飞机任务可靠性增长建模和评估。     

考虑多阶段任务的舰船任务可靠性分配方法

针对传统任务可靠性分配方法没有考虑不同任务阶段下系统可靠性框图可能不同的问题,引入多阶段任务系统理论,提出了一种考虑多阶段的舰船任务可靠性分配方法,结合不同阶段下不同的舰船任务可靠性框图,进行指标分配,并编写Matlab程序对分配结果进行迭代修正。实例验证结果表明:该方法考虑了多阶段任务特性,能够充分体现不同组成单元任务可靠性的差异,为任务可靠性指标的合理分配提供了参考依据。     

潜艇自航模系统可靠性优化设计

针对潜艇自航模系统可靠性设计问题,提出了有针对性的可靠性优化设计方法;在构建矩阵式任务剖面的基础上,应用多阶段任务系统可靠性建模理论建立系统可靠性模型并开展预计;根据FMEA分析结果提出技术改进措施,以体积、重量、成本为约束构建可靠性冗余优化模型并利用微粒群算法求解.案例证明了该优化设计的有效性及可行性.     

相似产品信息在导弹可靠性试验评估中的应用

验前分布的确定是运用Bayes方法进行系统可靠性评估的重要前提.在对导弹系统进行可靠性评估时,大量的相似产品信息是不可忽视的重要验前信息.基于相似产品信息的存在性.研究了利用相似产品的信息采用加权融合确定可靠度验前分布的方法.并针对导弹寿命服从Weibull分布的可靠性试验结果,给出应用Bayes方法评估新导弹系统可靠性的计算公式.最后,通过一个实例证明了该方法的有效性.     

k/n表决信息融合系统的可靠性

本文讨论了ｋ／ｎ表决系统可靠性的计算方法,并给出了ｋ／ｎ表决系统可靠性的下界。     

软件系统的可靠性综合评估模型研究*

主要研究了软件系统可靠性的评估方法。基于软件系统的基本结构和体系,对软件系统层次可靠性进行分析,并对影响可靠性的因素进行了分析;根据各分系统失效对整体系统失效影响程度的大小,通过事件测试分析得到实际参数,在给出重要度系数的基础上,建立了串并联系统间权重系数模型,并通过Bayes分析建立了软件系统的可靠性综合评估模型,从而达到对软件系统可靠性综合评估的目的。算例表明该可靠性综合评估模型具有一定的工程应用价值。     

贝叶斯方法在某型防空导弹武器系统可靠性评估中的应用

提出采用贝叶斯(Bayes)方法分析防空导弹武器系统的可靠性问题.首先对各种不同分布类型的单元进行Bayes可靠性分析,利用某型防空导弹武器系统的试验信息构造系统可靠性验前分布,再利用Bayes定理和系统试验信息更新系统可靠性的验前分布得到验后分布,最后对系统可靠性进行评估.仿真算例说明了评估方法的合理性.     

故障树分析法及其在系统可靠性分析中的应用

在现代装备设计中，可靠性已成为与性能同等重要的设计要求，并对装备的作战能力、生存力、部署机动性、维修人力和使用保障费用产生重要的影响。针对目前装备复杂系统可靠性研究，借鉴故障树分析法进行分析与运算，并介绍了故障树分析法相关理论与数学描述，最后通过实例对某型装备动力系统的可靠性进行了定量分析。结果表明，故障树分析法是一种能够较为准确分析装备系统可靠性的方法，是设计人员评估和改善其可靠性的有利工具。     

C~3I系统可靠性评估中的几个关键问题

C3I系统的可靠性评估是摆在我们面前的一个难题。因为它结构复杂、组成单元种类多。在实际工程设计时,人们往往只考虑设备的可靠性,这是不够的。本文介绍C3I系统中三个关键成分的可靠性评估方法：复杂系统可靠性评估方法、软件可靠性评估方法和值班操作人员可靠性评估方法。有了这三个可靠性评估方法,C3I系统的可靠性评估就变得合理而可行。     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.