基于多智能体的编队协同试飞仿真与效能评估

为了降低编队协同试飞风险和代价,提出建立编队协同试飞仿真平台对试飞的效果进行评价.首先,建立了编队协同试飞模型的总体框架.在此基础上建立了基于多智能体的编队协同试飞总体结构并明确了各类型Agent的功能.然后,确定了指挥控制中心Agent与编队Agent进行命令交互的过程并建立了编队Agent和战斗机Agent的模型.最后,建立了基于兰彻斯特理论的效能评估模型,并对设定的红蓝编队进行了仿真和分析.     

机载雷达多机编队试飞指挥引导自动化方法研究*

针对战斗机雷达目标编队传统的人工指挥引导速度慢、精度差、效率低,现有试飞手段满足不了新一代战斗机机载雷达试飞目标编队大场次多批、多路、多层次指挥、引导和决策需求的问题,介绍了机载雷达目标编队试飞自动化指挥引导的基本全向引导法等方法、主要功能设置和模块体系结构,建立了机载雷达目标编队试飞自动化指挥引导实现模型,并在地面雷达和GPS试飞指挥引导自动化系统研制中得到实现和验证。     

多机协同多目标攻击的目标分配和攻击排序

研究了多机协同空战中多目标攻击的目标分配和攻击排序的过程和方法.首先通过对影响空战态势的因素进行分析,提出一种新的综合距离优势、角度优势和能量优势构造综合优势函数的工程方法,并利用综合优势函数计算出目标分配矩阵,然后介绍了在目标分配矩阵上进行多机协同目标分配和攻击排序的过程和算法,最后用仿真验证了该算法的有效性.     

多无人机协同试飞试验模式

联合作战概念的出现和无人机多任务使命的实际运用,使得无人机联合作战成为世界各国研究发展的重点。基于协同作战和联合作战的内在联系及国内多无人机协同作战有关理论上的研究情况,分析了无人机协同试飞试验的条件和主要特点,总结归纳了无人机协同试飞试验的主要内容,提出了无人机编队的设计依据和关键问题,介绍了集中式、集散式、分布式控制的基本概念,论述了3种控制模式下的无人机协同试飞试验的实现方法和各控制模式之间的关系。     

有人机/无人机协同空地攻击效能评估的综合指数模型

研究了未来有人机/无人机协同空地攻击的典型作战模式,然后根据混合编队的作战过程和特点,提出了一种建立有人机/无人机协同空地攻击效能评估的综合指数模型;同时确定了综合指数模型中各分系统和分项能力的评估模型。最后以6种有人机和6种无人机的协同空地攻击效能评估为例计算并检验了模型的可用性。     

多机协同空战中的威胁评估与目标分配

提出了一种基于工程模糊集理论的多机协同空战威胁评估方法,通过对优势指数模糊规范化得到评估指标相对优属度,利用相邻指标相对重要性模糊标度值确定评估指标权重系数,应用模糊优选模型计算综合优势评估值,实现了多机协同空战中的威胁评估.在综合考虑威胁与优势的基础上,给出了多机协同空战目标分配的基本方案.仿真结果表明,所提方法能够有效解决多机协同空战中的威胁评估与目标分配问题,且算法简洁,有较好的实时性.     

未来中远距协同空战多目标攻击决策研究

根据先进战斗机的技术特点和未来中远距协同空战发展方向,提出一种基于先敌发现、先敌发射、先敌摧毁能力的空战态势分析模型。同时,采用一种将并行遗传算法与分布估计算法相结合的并行分布遗传算法并将其用于多目标攻击决策。最后利用具体算例进行仿真。结果表明空战态势分析模型能够较为准确地描述未来中远距多机协同空战,采用的算法具有较好的可行性和实时性,为中远距多机协同空战的多目标攻击决策提供了新的思路和方法。     

中远距协同空战多目标攻击决策

根据先进战斗机的技术特点和中远距协同空战发展方向,提出一种基于先敌发现、先敌发射、先敌摧毁能力的空战态势分析模型。同时,将并行遗传算法与分布估计算法相结合的并行分布遗传算法应用于上述模型,给出了求解多目标攻击决策问题的算法。最后利用具体算例进行仿真验证。结果表明空战态势分析模型能够较为准确地描述中远距多机协同空战,采用的算法具有较好的可行性和实时性,为中远距多机协同空战的多目标攻击决策提供了新的思路和方法。     

一种针对组网雷达的突防行动任务规划策略

组网雷达探测系统是构成预警监视、防空警戒、目标引导、导弹防御等军事防御体系的关键环节.信息化条件下的空中作战行动对敌方组网雷达实施电子干扰是获取"制磁权"、夺取信息优势,并为后续空中火力打击开辟通道的主要手段.针对多机伴随式协同干扰组网雷达关键技术展开研究,对远距离支援干扰机进行分析,确定其干扰目标、干扰策略及巡航路径;建立多机伴随式协同干扰模型,寻求突防机群的最佳航迹,实现在远距离支援干扰机和随队支援干扰机掩护下安全抵达攻击线;最终确定在不同时刻的干扰策略和干扰功率分配,完成针对组网雷达的突防行动任务规划.这一工作对飞行部队完成突防任务具有一定的参考价值.     

群决策理论在多机协同空战机动决策中的应用

针对近距空战中多架战机对空中的多个敌对目标进行协同攻击的机动决策问题进行了研究。将群决策理论引入多机协同空战机动决策,首先确定了决策成员与候选方案,然后基于战场态势评估提出了采用风险决策准则的偏好排序确定方法,给出了集结偏好的序数型群决策方法。在不同空战想定条件下进行仿真,结果表明,该方法合理、可行,具有良好的应用前景。     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.