弹引系统攻角侵彻混凝土仿真与试验研究

利用弹体非正侵彻的计算模型对弹体非正侵彻过程中弹头表面阻力进行了分析,提出了弹目非正侵彻控制方程.利用有限元分析软件LS-DYNA对弹引系统在不同攻角下侵彻混凝土靶板时的轴向过载、横向过载、横向偏移以及弹体姿态角等的变化进行了仿真分析,得出了弹体横向过载与姿态角的对应关系.实弹试验结果与理论计算及数值仿真结果吻合较好....     

破片模拟弹侵彻钢板的有限元分析

根据破片模拟弹侵彻钢板的实验研究,采用MSC.Dytran对破片模拟弹侵彻钢板的侵彻过程、侵彻特性、钢板的破坏模式以及弹体的侵彻速度、靶板的侵彻阻力进行了有限元分析,并将分析结果与实验结果进行了比较.分析结果表明,破片模拟弹冲击钢装甲的侵彻过程可大致分为初始接触、弹体侵入、剪切冲塞和穿甲破坏4个阶段.有限元分析的破片模拟弹侵彻特性及靶板破坏模式与实验观测结果有较好的一致性,在靶板破口的正面,与弹体平面凸缘两端接触的部分,变形以剪切为主,而与切削面接触的部分,以挤压变形为主;靶板破口背面为剪切冲塞破坏;有限元模拟的弹体剩余速度与实验结果吻合较好,弹体侵彻过程中弹靶作用界面的速度和侵彻速度近似呈线性变化.有限元分析结果还表明,采用适当的模型,有限元法能较好地模拟破片模拟弹侵彻钢板的侵彻过程、侵彻特性以及钢板的破坏模式.     

预制破片侵彻靶板临界跳飞角变化规律

为研究预制破片侵彻靶板的临界跳飞角变化规律,采用数值仿真的方法对预制破片侵彻靶板的临界跳飞角变化规律进行分析.利用LS-DYNA有限元仿真软件,建立了不同形状预制破片侵彻靶板的仿真模型,通过与试验结果相对比的方式验证了模型的可信性.分析了破片形状、破片形状比例系数、破片入射速度和靶板厚度对临界跳飞角的影响规律.分析结果表明:在相同条件下,破片临界跳飞角按照圆柱形、方形和球形预制破片的顺序依次减小,随着破片入射速度和破片形状比例系数的增大而增大,并在一定范围内随着靶板厚度的增加而减小.     

G45钢破片对中大口径弹体侵彻仿真分析北大核心

为了研究不同质量G45钢破片对中大口径弹药壳体侵彻效应,利用有限元分析软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA建立破片侵彻壳体模型。将弹药壳体通过等效公式换为Q235钢板,开展了在不同速度下,不同质量G45钢破片侵彻等效靶板Q235钢数值模拟仿真。仿真分析结果表明:相同质量下,G45钢破片撞击靶板侵彻深度与侵彻直径随着速度增加呈现递增趋势;得到了4.7 g,9.8 g小质量G45钢破片在800~1800 m/s速度范围内无法有效穿透中大口径弹体等效靶的结论;19.5 g G45钢破片侵彻20 mm的中大口径弹体等效靶的极限穿透速度范围在1200~1400 m/s之间。     

某预制破片弹丸穿甲威力研究

介绍了战斗部预知破片弹丸所针对的目标,给出了高速运动弹丸对目标的穿甲作用理论以及理论计算方法,并给出了计算结果;同时通过有限元分析方法在有限元分析软件中建立了弹丸对靶板侵彻的仿真计算模型并进行了计算。计算结果表明：预制破片弹丸所具备的威力不但能够侵彻给定的装甲目标,对装甲目标内部设施具有二次毁伤的效果。     

破片侵彻多层间隔铝靶的试验及数值模拟研究

对破片侵彻多层间隔铝靶进行了试验和数值模拟研究,获得了破片在不同速度、不同侵彻角时破片的侵彻深度,在此基础上利用拟合的方式建立了计算公式,并将数值模拟结果和计算公式的计算结果进行了对比,结果表明两者吻合较好,所建立的计算公式可靠。     

钨球破片对相控阵雷达天线的冲击损伤仿真

利用非线性动力分析软件LS-DYNA 3D,建立了钨球破片在击穿相控阵雷达天线部件下的毁伤仿真模型.对不同初速度的钨球破片以45°入射角对天线等效靶板的侵彻进行仿真分析,得到了钨球破片整个侵彻作用全过程的完整图像和主要数据.通过对结果图像与数据的分析得出:随着钨球破片初速度增大,剩余速度也会随之增大、击穿靶板所需杀伤动能变大、靶板质量损失变大.结论为相控阵雷达天线的战损快速评估与平时修理提供了科学的依据和参考.     

球形破片侵彻明胶运动模型及破片参数敏感性分析

为揭示球形破片对人体组织致伤机理,以明胶作为人体组织的替代物,基于动态空腔膨胀理论,考虑球形破片未完全侵入阶段的速度衰减,建立了球形破片侵彻明胶的分段运动理论模型,研究了球形破片侵彻明胶的运动规律。通过钢球和钨球侵彻明胶的实验验证了模型的正确性,求解了模型中的最优阻力系数。分析了理论计算过程中的误差来源,并推导得到了无量纲侵彻深度的表达式。利用Sobol′法进行了球形破片参数(直径、密度和速度)对侵彻深度影响的敏感性分析。结果表明：运动模型能够较好地模拟球形破片的运动规律;低密度的球形破片在未完全侵入阶段的速度衰减不能忽略;球形破片参数对侵彻深度影响的敏感性由高到低依次是速度、密度和直径。     

装备战场损伤试验布局设计仿真研究

装备战场损伤试验存在实施难度大,试验效率低的问题。为提高试验效能,采用AUTODYN,建立预制破片战斗部有限元仿真模型,模拟了战斗部爆炸及预制破片飞散的过程,仿真结果同实弹试验所采集数据基本吻合,验证了所用模拟方法的有效性。通过分析破片侵彻靶板的损伤规律,建立了球形破片撞击靶板损伤相图,结合破片飞散规律,建立了试验布局参考相图。研究结果表明:预制破片战斗部的爆炸及对装备的打击过程,能够通过数值仿真方式准确的进行模拟,从而大大减少试验费用;所建立的试验布局参考相图,能够为试验布局的设计和优化提供一定的参考。     

地空导弹对地面的附带损伤问题研究

研究了地空导弹爆炸时战斗部破片对地面人员附带损伤的问题,选取了破片对人体的杀伤准则,通过分析破片的空中运动特性,对导弹战斗部爆炸时的破片飞散规律进行了探讨,建立了破片散布的数学模型,并在典型的给定计算条件下进行了仿真分析.仿真结果表明,地空导弹在不同高度爆炸时,可计算出对地面人员的有效杀伤破片数量、破片杀伤面积和平均密度以及导弹的安全高度.     

Numerical simulation study on penetration performance of depleted Uranium (DU) alloy fragments

Due to its high strength, high density, high hardness and good penetration capabilities, Depleted ura-nium alloys have already shined in armor-piercing projectiles. There should also be a lot of room for improvement in the application of fragment killing elements. Therefore, regarding the performance of the depleted uranium alloy to penetrate the target plate, further investigation is needed to analyze its advantages and disadvantages compared to tungsten alloy. To study the difference in penetration per-formance between depleted uranium alloy and tungsten alloy fragments,firstly, a theoretical analysis of the adiabatic shear sensitivity of DU and tungsten alloys was given from the perspective of material constitutive model. Then, taking the cylindrical fragment penetration target as the research object, the penetration process and velocity characteristics of the steel target plates penetrated by DU alloy frag-ment and tungsten alloy fragment were compared and analyzed, by using finite element software ANSYS/LS-DYNA and Lagrange algorithm. Lastly, the influence of different postures when impacting target and different fragment shapes on the penetration results is carried out in the research. The results show that in the penetration process of the DU and tungsten alloy fragments, the self-sharpening properties of the DU alloy can make the fragment head sharper and the penetrating ability enhance. Under the same conditions, the penetration capability of cylindrical fragment impacting target in vertical posture is better than that in horizontal posture, and the penetration capability of the spherical fragment is slightly better than that of cylindrical fragment.     

Real-time calculation of fragment velocity for cylindrical warheads

To simulate explosion fragments, it is necessary to predict many variables such as fragment velocity, size distribution and projection angle. For active protection systems these predictions need to be made very quickly, before the weapon hits the target. Fast predictions also need to be made in real time simulations when the impact of many different computer models need to be assessed. The research presented in this paper focuses on creating a fast and accurate estimate of one of these variables - the initial fragment velocity. The Gurney equation was the first equation to calculate initial fragment velocity. This equation, sometimes with modifications, is still used today where finite element analysis or complex mathematical approaches are considered too computationally expensive. This paper enhances and improves Breech’s two-dimensional Gurney equation using available empirical data and the principals of conservation of momentum and energy. The results are computationally quick, providing improved accuracy for estimating initial fragment velocity. This will allow the developed model to be available for real-time simulation and fast computation, with improved accuracy when compared to existing approaches.     

杀伤战斗部破片定向飞散特性研究

研究了钢预制破片壳体在四种装药爆轰驱动下的飞散特性。求得了使破片飞行路径呈平行型的预制破片壳体的临界半径及相应的破片初始速度。     

高超声速飞行器俯冲机动最优制导方法

为解决高超声速飞行器俯冲段精确制导与机动突防问题,研究了机动突防最优制导方法。针对零化视线角速率降低突防性能的问题,在俯冲平面及转弯平面内分别设计了正弦形式的视线角参考运动,同时为进一步实现俯冲精确制导,以落速最大为性能指标利用最优控制对其进行跟踪,引入了伪控制量以简化最优制导问题的求解,最后分析了该方法的稳定性及制导性能。以CAV-H为例进行仿真分析,仿真结果表明该方法能够实现机动飞行,且能够高精度地满足终端落角及落点约束,可为高超声速飞行器俯冲段精确制导及机动突防提供参考。     

Experimental studies of explosion energy output with different igniter mass

For study the energy output law of cylindrical charge with shell induced by different input energies, four different black powder masses were selected to ignite the main charge. Fragmentation degree of the shell was qualitatively analyzed by the area of holes on the witness plate and the recovered fragments mass. Through theoretical analysis, established the functional relationship between the average mass of fragments and the relative energy output of warhead, obtained how the relative energy output of charge changed with different initial energy input. The results showed that the change of input energy could lead to obvious variation in fragment characteristics, and could also control the output of charge. When the igniter mass increases from 1.55 g to 5.00 g, the relative energy output of the charge increases by 26.28%. Excessive initial input energy will destroy the shell confine in advance, resulting in a decrease in the relative energy output of charge.     

Delamination process in cross-ply UHMWPE laminates under ballistic penetration

Cross-ply unidirectional laminates made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers are widely used as components of bullet-proof vests. To simulate the delamination process of the material under penetration, we constructed a numerical mechanical model, which was validated by tests using 7.62 × 39 mm rifle bullets penetrating laminates of different thicknesses. The results show that the delamination region is essentially diamond-shaped. The simulated delamination region is in good agreement with the experimental data. It is found that the delamination region increases with the compression modulus along the fiber direction. The delamination region increases when the shear strength between the fabric layers decreases;However, it is little influenced by the normal strength. The delamination region of the front face of the laminate is little influenced by the failure strain of the material and the initial velocity of the bullet. The delamination region of the back face increases with the failure strain and decreases with the initial velocity.     

圆柱形装药驱动轴向预制破片飞散特性

为了增强柱形战斗部轴向威力,在无壳柱形战斗部底面布置单层离散的预制破片。开展圆柱形TNT装药驱动轴向预制破片飞散试验,获得预制破片的最大初速、飞散角等特征参数;运用LS-DYNA软件对装药驱动预制破片过程进行数值模拟,阐述预制破片群飞散过程;对装药驱动整体平板理论计算公式进行改进,获得预制破片的最大初速。结果表明:破片初速理论计算结果、数值计算结果和试验结果吻合良好;随着与装药底部中心距离的加大,破片初速、径向飞散角分别近似呈“抛物线”减小、增大;试验实测、理论计算得到的破片最大初速值超过2500 m/s,试验实测的径向飞散角最大约为22°,而周向飞散角则普遍较小,均值在5°以内。     

不同截面形状复合长杆弹对陶瓷复合靶板侵彻研究

采用数值模拟技术研究了由3种不同截面形状的钨芯外包覆一层钢,形成的钢包覆层复合长杆弹在入射速度为1200m/s～1700m/s时对陶瓷/金属复合靶板的侵彻过程。结果表明:对于同一入射速度、相同弹体长度、同种材料的弹芯和包覆层以及靶板材料而言,等面积的六边形截面钨芯复合长杆弹的侵彻深度明显大于圆形及方形截面,方形及六边形截面与和它们等外接圆形成的圆形截面复合长杆弹侵彻深度没有明显差别,本研究认为这是与不同截面钨芯的外接圆直径直接相关。六边形截面长杆弹侵彻过程中的自锐化现象是其侵彻深度明显大于其它两种弹体的主要原因。     

Shaped charge penetration into high- and ultrahigh-strength Steel–Fiber reactive powder concrete targets

Experiments on shaped charge penetration into high and ultrahigh strength steel-fiber reactive powder concrete (RPC) targets were performed in this paper. Results show that the variation of penetration depth and crater diameter with concrete strength is different from that of shaped charge penetration into normal strength concrete (NSC). The crater diameter of RPC is smaller than that of NSC penetrated by the shaped charge. The jet particles are strongly disturbed and hardly reach the crater bottom because they pass through the narrow channel formed by jet penetration into the RPC. The effects of radial drift velocity and gap effects of jet particles for a shaped charge penetration into RPC target are discussed. Moreover, a theoretical model is presented to describe the penetration of shaped charge into RPC target. As the concrete strength increases, the penetration resistance increases and the entrance crater diameter decreases. Given the drift velocity and narrow crater channel, the low-velocity jet particles can hardly reach the crater bottom to increase the penetration depth. Moreover, the narrow channel has a stronger interference to the jet particles with increasing concrete strength; hence, the gap effects must be considered. The drift velocity and gap effects, which are the same as penetration resistance, also have significant effects during the process of shaped charge penetration into ultrahigh-strength concrete. The crater profiles are calculated through a theoretical model, and the results are in good agreement with the experiments.