装备使用阶段后续备件采购模型Ι：消耗件

在装备使用阶段,为制定合理的后续备件采购策略,以装备消耗件的采购优化为研究背景,根据供应链系统库存控制论,以备件短缺数指标为约束条件,采用系统法建立了消耗备件的采购模型,并利用经典拉格朗日乘子法求解最优采购点和采购量。算例给出了优化结果,并对影响备件采购方案的主要因素进行了分析。结果表明：该方法简单实用,能够为军方在装备使用阶段的后续保障中制定合理的消耗备件采购方案提供决策支持。     

美军主战水面舰船动力发展战略研究

美军历来重视新型舰船动力系统的研发与应用。分析其未来主战水面舰船动力系统的需求与特点、动力方案选型的考虑因素和决策流程、对美海军未来作战能力可能产生的影响,将为制订有效的海军舰船动力系统发展战略,提升远洋作战能力提供有益借鉴。     

多平台协同搜索水雷效能分析

侦察水雷是水雷战的一项重要内容。在水下无人作战平台和航空反水雷直升机作战平台搜索水雷概率模型分析基础上,给出了多平台协同搜索水雷方案优化模型,经分析归纳得到多平台协同搜索水雷最优方案,可为实际作战中多平台协同搜索水雷方案的制定、优化提供决策支持,具有较高的实用性。     

通信对抗侦察装备分配优化问题仿真

定量研究通信对抗侦察装备分配优化问题能够为增大侦察效率提供帮助.首先,建立了通信对抗侦察装备需求估算模型;然后,结合搜索论、非线性规划及不确定规划等方法,分别从时间、频段和数量3个角度建立了相关的区域分配优化模型.最后,使用混合智能算法进行了实例的仿真计算,分析了计算结果.研究成果对侦察方案的制定具有辅助决策作用.     

有限维修能力下多级保障系统装备时变可用度评估及保障方案优化

备件库存和站点维修能力是影响备件维修周转的重要因素，制约装备使用效果。针对备件需求随任务阶段动态变化的装备保障方案评估和优化问题，考虑站点维修能力对备件维修过程的影响，结合METRIC建模方法和动态排队理论，建立了有限维修能力下多级保障系统装备时变可用度评估模型。在评估模型基础之上，以保障费用为优化目标，装备可用度为约束条件，建立了任务期内多级保障系统保障方案优化模型。以任务期内的最低可用度所对应的备件短缺数为观测值，分析了各项资源的边际效益值，采用边际优化算法对各项资源进行优化计算。算例分析表明，评估模型能够计算多级保障系统任务期内各阶段装备可用度；保障方案优化模型和方法能够得到各项保障资源的优化配置方案。提出的模型和优化方法能够为装备保障人员制定合理的保障方案提供决策支持。     

作战辅助决策系统空战兵力计算模型的设计与实现

阐述了在空战兵力使用决策的重要性,论述了作战辅助决策系统空战兵力计算模型的设计思想并给出了在ＡＬＰＨＡ工作站上用Ｃ文３实现该模型的简单流程,同时对空战兵力使用方案的优化问题进行了简要探讨。     

混合动力装甲车辆能量管理策略实时仿真

为解决混合动力装甲车辆多动力源输出优化匹配难题,针对一种具有3个动力源的混合动力系统中各动力源的输出特性和驱动电机功率需求特点,制定了具有双层结构的能量管理策略:顶层的系统功率分配策略完成负载功率估计及其在各动力源间的分配;底层的部件级控制策略实现发动机-发电机组和动力电池的优化控制。通过构建一种分布式硬件在环仿真平台对能量管理策略进行仿真验证。结果表明:混合动力系统能够很好地满足负载功率需求,实现了对多个目标的优化控制。     

验前信息在导弹武器定型试验中的应用

根据验前信息的获取、使用原则和分析计算方法,在某型导弹武器系统在定型试验中,通过实例计算出检验单发命中概率的检测方案,二项式分布Bayes假设检验方案。该方案在不同的验前概率下,制定了不同的接收和拒收标准。试验证明使用该方案可以节省试验弹数,提高检验置信度,降低军方风险。     

基于测试数据的导弹状态维修优化决策方法

针对部队面临训练、战备、演习或作战任务时,由于时间紧迫,工作繁多,无法为单个部件或分系统一一制定维修方案,只能通过测试掌握导弹的整体状态,从整弹的层面制定维修保障方案,采取维修措施的实际问题,提出了一种基于测试数据的导弹整弹状态维修优化决策方法。首先,针对传统D-S证据理论无法很好的处理高冲突证据的合成问题,在分析现有改进D-S证据理论的基础上,建立了基于改进D-S证据理论的导弹状态评估模型,对导弹的当前状态进行了评估;其次,利用灰色模型对评估结果较差的导弹进行状态预测,判断其状态进一步劣化的趋势,为后续的决策制定提供依据;最后,根据导弹的状态评估与预测结果,分析导弹的维修需求,制定合理的维修决策方案。实例验证结果表明,提出的导弹状态维修优化决策方法符合部队实际,采取的维修措施针对性更强,并可克服以往凭主观经验制定维修计划的问题。     

导弹命中精度的序贯截尾概率圆检验方法

针对圆概率偏差检验难以直接计算的问题,提出序贯截尾概率圆检验方法,以目标点为中心,绘制两个同心圆,其中小圆以内区域为接受域,大圆以外区域为拒绝域,中间区域为继续试验域,在此基础上定义了序贯检验的基本决策规则,给出了双方风险及平均试验次数计算模型,提出了两种不同的决策阈值优化计算模型,通过求解优化问题确定接受域及拒绝域半径。利用数值仿真分析了两种不同决策阈值计算方法下检验方案中的各类参数,其中以平均试验次数最小为优化目标的计算模型具有更好的工程实用性。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.