舰载声纳同频干扰目标最大掩蔽距离建模与仿真

以声纳方程为基础模型,根据声纳直达波对邻近同型号声纳的干扰,得出了干扰方程。计算了在舰艇编队搜潜中,舰载声纳的探测距离和舰艇间同频干扰能够掩盖目标的最大干扰掩蔽距离,并简要地提出了降低同频干扰的方法,对编队战术决策提供技术上的依据,对提高编队的搜潜效率和声纳的作战效能具有指导意义。     

潜艇规避被动声自导鱼雷的航速和航向问题

研究了潜艇高频段辐射噪声、传播损失、鱼雷的干扰噪声级等影响鱼雷被动声纳方程的因素,定量分析了潜艇航速和航向对鱼雷被动声自导作用距离的影响,对潜艇规避处于被动声自导状态鱼雷的过程进行了模拟仿真,讨论了潜艇规避航速和航向对潜艇纯机动被动声自导鱼雷成功概率的影响,根据仿真统计得出了潜艇规避航速和航向的最优取值范围.     

鱼雷被动声自导搜索深度研究

鱼雷被动声自导搜索舰船时,设定深度的选择决定了搜索效能的发挥。被动自导方程各项中,鱼雷自噪声与传播损失随深度变化,二者在深度上的分布通过信号余量影响自导作用距离与检测概率。提出了基于被动自导平均检测概率的搜索效能值计算模型,将其作为鱼雷搜索深度选择依据。根据自噪声级、传播损失和声纳方程其他各项的仿真和计算,定量分析了3种典型声速梯度下搜索效能随深度变化情况,提出了被动声自导系统搜索深度设定原则。     

利用会聚区隐蔽解算目标运动要素的方法

在浅海,当被动声纳探测到目标后,由于舰艇间不断的运动,测得的目标方位随时间的不同而不断地发生变化,利用目标方位的变化,通过纯方位法和滤波估计等方法可解算出目标的运动要素.当声纳利用深海会聚区的声学效应在远距离上探测到目标时,因舰艇被动声纳在隐蔽条件下往往只能测得目标的方位,此时的目标方位随着时间的不同变化很小,难以利用浅海的解算方法求出目标的运动要素.为解决这一问题,基于对深海会聚区声学效应的分析,提出了利用会聚区宽度等特点,采用本舰艇合理机动的方式,来求解目标的运动要素的方法.通过对本舰艇各种可能机动方式的建模和计算机仿真计算的结果可见,该方法可行,且在第一、第二会聚区效果明显.     

基于贝叶斯混合源分离方法的声纳探测误差模型

声纳的探测误差模型是声纳仿真的核心技术。针对现有的声纳误差白噪声模型仿真逼真度低的问题,提出了基于贝叶斯混合源分离方法,建立了声纳的探测误差模型,提高了声纳误差模型的性能。与传统的白噪声仿真方法相比,基于贝叶斯混合源分离方法的声纳误差仿真模型具有较好的逼真度,可以有效地对声纳探测误差进行建模和预测。     

压制条件下声纳搜索效能分析

主被动声纳搜索时备次接续探测之间有检测概率的累积.在考虑连续探测的相关性且有水声干扰的情况下,建立了捷径曲线函数和有效搜索宽度计算模型.通过计算噪声干扰器压制前后有效搜索宽度的变化和噪声干扰器在不同位置有效搜索宽度的变化,建立了一种新的定量评估声纳作战效能的有效方法,并对压制条件下的声纳搜索效能进行了评价.计算实例与实...     

直升机对鱼雷预警的可行性及战术模型

防御鱼雷是水面舰艇的重要作战任务之一,仅靠舰载声纳难以满足对鱼雷预警的需要.首先分析了直升机对鱼雷预警的可行性,研究了多种探测器材的协同预警模型,并对直升机吊放声纳和声纳浮标的预警模型进行了探讨.可对提高水面舰艇防御鱼雷的能力提供参考.     

探雷声纳有效搜索带仿真研究

针对舰艇摇摆下,探雷声纳有效搜索带难以确定的问题,运用舰艇摇摆模型和声纳三维多波束模型研究确定探雷声纳有效搜索带的方法。给出了探雷声纳有效搜索带的定义,提出了一种基于海底网格划分定量仿真计算探雷声纳有效搜索带的方法。给定探测海域海洋环境参数和声纳各工作参数,运用该方法即可确定有效搜索带的宽度和位置。仿真结果表明,该方法简便有效、计算结果正确,可为探雷声纳的作战使用提供重要依据。     

基于贝叶斯因子分析的声纳探测误差模型研究

声纳的探测误差模型是声纳仿真的核心技术。针对建立某型声纳探测误差模型的问题,在对大量声纳实测数据进行统计分析的基础上,提出采用贝叶斯因子分析的方法,建立声纳的探测误差模型。利用该误差模型预测误差,将预测结果应用于声纳仿真中,并与白噪声模型仿真方法进行比较。仿真结果表明,基于贝叶斯因子分析的声纳误差仿真模型可以更有效的对声纳探测误差进行建模和预测。     

吊放声纳主动工作方式探测域建模与仿真

水声环境对于吊放声纳搜潜效果影响很大,以往的水声环境对吊放声纳探测影响建模尚未涉及吊放声纳立体探测域,不能为吊放声纳搜潜战术研究提供有效支撑.在对声传播损失、海洋环境噪声和混响进行深入分析和建模的基础上,根据吊放声纳探测机理建立了主动探测概率模型,仿真分析了吊放声纳主动探测概率的三维空间分布,并提出了吊放声纳搜潜战术应以三维非连续探测域为基础,结合战法实验等新手段进行不确定性研究的建议.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

The UK,interrogation and Iraq, 2003–2008

The UK’s interrogation operations during the conflict in Iraq (2003–2008) are often portrayed by the media as involving significant amounts of mistreatment. This article demonstrates that these practices are not necessarily representative of the UK’s interrogation operations across this conflict. In doing so it contributes to the limited literature on the practice of interrogation and on the UK’s combat operations in Iraq. The UK’s interrogation capability, and therefore its intelligence-gathering capability, is shown to have rested primarily with the military’s Joint Forward Interrogation Team (JFIT). The JFIT suffered from limitations to the number, training and experience of its interrogators and interpreters. It is argued that maintaining a permanent, higher level of preparedness for interrogation by the British armed forces is desirable.     

Remembering and forgetting Mirambo: Histories of war in modern Africa

ABSTRACT

While the study of organised violence is considered essential to understanding the history of the West, and accordingly imbued with various layers of meaning and remembrance, war is widely regarded as inimical to the modern nation in Africa and stable development more broadly. Using examples drawn from primarily from East Africa, this paper considers the ways in which warfare in the deeper (‘precolonial’) past has been framed and envisioned in recent decades, in particular by governments whose own roots lie in revolutionary armed struggle and who began life as guerrilla movements. While in some cases particular elements of the deeper past were indeed mobilised in pursuit of contemporary political goals, in many other scenarios histories of precolonial violence were beheld as problematic and unworthy of remembrance. This paper highlights the paradox and ambiguity which has attended the memory of key aspects of Africa’s deeper past.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.