基于卷积神经网络的空中目标粗分类研究

空中目标的准确分类与识别是防空作战的关键环节。将卷积神经网络应用到空中目标粗分类任务。实验基于Alex Net卷积神经网络模型,并利用建立的小规模数据集进行微调训练,从而提取目标特征并进行分类识别。再和利用HOG特征的分类方法进行对比实验,发现前者具有较大准确率的提升。得出利用卷积神经网络提取的特征具有更强大的表示目标的能力,为进一步实现跟踪空中目标打下实践基础。     

基于前向型神经网络的空袭目标类型识别模型

对防空作战中空袭目标类型识别问题进行了研究 ,给出了进行目标类型识别的指标集 ,并建立了基于前向型神经网络识别模型 ,实例证明该方法是可行的。     

基于CNN的窄带雷达空中目标识别方法

空中目标识别是雷达的重要用途之一,窄带雷达因体制限制,无法获取目标高分辨识别信息供分类识别。为解决窄带防空预警雷达对空中目标识别判性难的问题,提出了基于卷积神经网络的空中目标识别方法,就空中目标识别判性模型的构建、训练数据集的生成进行了研究,采用模拟数据集及实测数据对模型进行了检验,结果表明该方法具有较好效果。     

基于BP神经网络的空中目标识别

空中目标识别是防空作战辅助决策的关键环节之一。根据空中目标的各种属性,建立基于BP神经网络原理的空中目标识别模型。利用MATLAB神经网络train函数训练采集的样本数据,得到稳定的权值和阈值,为后继的目标识别提供依据。该模型利用神经网络的记忆、联想、容错功能,进一步提高空中目标识别的稳定性和可信度。降低了个别传感器误判而造成的目标识别错误概率。     

粗集理论在目标识别信息处理中的应用

为提取传感器获得的较粗糙的原始信息,运用粗集理论进行目标识别信息的处理,提出了一种采用关系表存储原始信息,通过简化关系表删去冗余信息,从而达到提取有用信息的处理方法.根据此方法,实例中通过对生成的规则进行优选,得到了简单准确的目标识别规则.此理论在信息处理中的应用,较好地满足了目标识别中原始信息处理的需求.     

基于模糊聚类-BP神经网络模型的战场目标识别

神经网络可以用来识别战场目标,但是传统神经网络具有样本多、学习速度慢的问题.为了解决上述问题,建立了一种基于模糊聚类和神经网络相结合的目标识别模型.仿真实验表明,用该模型进行目标识别,可以科学地选取样本,提高网络的训练速度和运行速度,并且能确保目标识别的正确率.     

无人机小样本条件下遮挡和混淆目标识别方法

针对无人机对地目标识别过程中的小样本问题以及目标存在的遮挡和混淆情况,提出了一种融合自注意力机制的小样本目标识别模型。在利用元学习思想获取小样本学习能力的基础上,将自注意力机制学习目标内部各部分之间的上下文依赖关系引入模型,从而增强目标表征能力,以解决遮挡和混淆情况下有效特征不足的难题。为验证模型效果,通过对基准数据集和无人机航拍数据进一步加工,构建了遮挡和混淆目标数据集,设置了不同的遮挡程度和背景混淆率。通过在不同数据集上的验证,并与深度学习模型对比,证明提出的模型具有更高的学习效率和识别正确率。     

基于PSO-BP神经网络的HRRP目标识别

为提高雷达目标识别准确率,提出了一种基于PSO-BP神经网络的雷达一维距离像识别方法。利用粒子群优化算法良好的全局搜寻能力,对BP神经网络的权值和阈值进行了优化,弥补了BP神经网络收敛速度慢、存在多个局部极值点的缺陷。利用实测数据对PSO优化前后的BP神经网络的识别性能进行了对比测试。实验结果表明,PSO-BP神经网络具有更高的识别准确率及噪声鲁棒性,分类性能优良。     

基于神经网络模糊融合技术的潜艇声纳目标识别系统

将神经网络和属性层模糊数据融合技术应用于潜艇水下目标识别是解决潜艇声纳目标识别问题的有效途径。本文建立了声纳目标识别系统的结构模型和算法模型,设计了一个基于神经网络属性层模糊数据融合的目标识别系统,研究了将噪声信号功率谱和双谱用于目标识别,并进行了仿真,验证了该系统的可行性和有效性。     

基于概率神经网络的空袭目标识别

针对BP网络的不足,提出基于概率神经网络(PNN)进行空袭目标识别的方法。首先提取空袭目标的速度、高度、机动加速度和雷达反射面积等特征并进行归一化处理,作为输入层数据,然后建立了概率神经网络目标识别模型。M atlab仿真实验表明,该方法识别空袭目标简单快速且准确率高,具有良好应用前景。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.