钢管约束混凝土抗多发打击试验

为研究钢管约束混凝土抗多发打击性能,进行了12.7 mm穿甲弹多发打击钢管约束混凝土厚靶试验,得到靶的损伤模式和侵彻深度,并建立重复打击侵彻深度预测公式。结果表明:厚度为300 mm的小直径钢管约束混凝土靶能够有效防御3发12.7 mm穿甲弹的重复打击,第二、第三发较前一发侵彻深度的增幅分别小于20%和10%;重复打击侵彻深度预测公式与试验吻合较好。研究结果可为钢管约束混凝土防枪弹结构和遮弹层结构的研究提供参考。     

战斗部虚拟试验贝叶斯线性校准预测方法

聚能装药战斗部射虚拟试验中,射流穿深对靶板材料模型参数较敏感。为建立较准确实用的射流穿深预测模型,提出一种贝叶斯线性校准方法,建立物理过程真实值、模型预测值和试验测量值间的统计关系,结合有限的试验数据,校准未知模型参数。实例分析表明,该方法可较好地解决包含各种不确定性的大型复杂计算模型的参数校准问题。     

破片模拟弹侵彻钢板的有限元分析

根据破片模拟弹侵彻钢板的实验研究,采用MSC.Dytran对破片模拟弹侵彻钢板的侵彻过程、侵彻特性、钢板的破坏模式以及弹体的侵彻速度、靶板的侵彻阻力进行了有限元分析,并将分析结果与实验结果进行了比较.分析结果表明,破片模拟弹冲击钢装甲的侵彻过程可大致分为初始接触、弹体侵入、剪切冲塞和穿甲破坏4个阶段.有限元分析的破片模拟弹侵彻特性及靶板破坏模式与实验观测结果有较好的一致性,在靶板破口的正面,与弹体平面凸缘两端接触的部分,变形以剪切为主,而与切削面接触的部分,以挤压变形为主;靶板破口背面为剪切冲塞破坏;有限元模拟的弹体剩余速度与实验结果吻合较好,弹体侵彻过程中弹靶作用界面的速度和侵彻速度近似呈线性变化.有限元分析结果还表明,采用适当的模型,有限元法能较好地模拟破片模拟弹侵彻钢板的侵彻过程、侵彻特性以及钢板的破坏模式.     

雷达网对侦察无人机突防的威胁评估模型

雷达网对侦察无人机突防具有非常大的威胁,结合无人机的突防战术,建立了雷达网威胁评估指标体系框架;并根据雷达网性能指标的相对性、不可比性和不确定性,运用模糊综合评估方法和层次分析法对雷达网的威胁度进行评估,最后归并获得的评价结果。事实表明,所建立的模型能较准确地评估雷达网对侦察无人机突防的威胁程度,对侦察无人机航迹规划具有一定的指导意义。     

钢管在冲击荷载作用下的变形与失效破坏

为研究钢管在弹体侵彻过程中的变形特点,基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件,采用Johnson-Cook模型,模拟了半球形弹体以不同速度正向冲击钢管时的非线性动力响应情况。结果表明：弹体速度越小,钢管的抗侵彻性能越好;弹体速度越接近临界破坏速度,钢管降低弹体速度的能力就越明显;弹体冲击钢管时,钢管上表面比下表面更容易产生大变形,消耗更多的弹体动能,并在抗侵彻过程中伴有局部凹陷、蝶形变形和贯穿现象。实验结果可为圆柱壳结构钢管在冲击荷载作用下的耗能分析提供参考。     

Numerical simulation study on penetration performance of depleted Uranium (DU) alloy fragments

Due to its high strength, high density, high hardness and good penetration capabilities, Depleted ura-nium alloys have already shined in armor-piercing projectiles. There should also be a lot of room for improvement in the application of fragment killing elements. Therefore, regarding the performance of the depleted uranium alloy to penetrate the target plate, further investigation is needed to analyze its advantages and disadvantages compared to tungsten alloy. To study the difference in penetration per-formance between depleted uranium alloy and tungsten alloy fragments,firstly, a theoretical analysis of the adiabatic shear sensitivity of DU and tungsten alloys was given from the perspective of material constitutive model. Then, taking the cylindrical fragment penetration target as the research object, the penetration process and velocity characteristics of the steel target plates penetrated by DU alloy frag-ment and tungsten alloy fragment were compared and analyzed, by using finite element software ANSYS/LS-DYNA and Lagrange algorithm. Lastly, the influence of different postures when impacting target and different fragment shapes on the penetration results is carried out in the research. The results show that in the penetration process of the DU and tungsten alloy fragments, the self-sharpening properties of the DU alloy can make the fragment head sharper and the penetrating ability enhance. Under the same conditions, the penetration capability of cylindrical fragment impacting target in vertical posture is better than that in horizontal posture, and the penetration capability of the spherical fragment is slightly better than that of cylindrical fragment.     

基于攻防下的无人侦察机突防效能评估

高技术局部战争中,无人侦察机面临复杂、严峻的空防体系的考验,合理、有效地评估无人侦察机突防能力是提高其作战效能的重要保证。针对多样化的无人侦察机突防环境,综合考虑攻击方的无人机本身性能指标,电子干扰以及防御方的雷达探测能力和拦截武器性能,建立了攻防条件下无人侦察机突防效能评价指标体系。通过对指标的公度化处理,统一的量化指标,并利用灰色层次评估法,全面地评估无人侦察机的突防效能,提高了评估的科学、合理性,并为改善无人侦察机性能提供了参考。     

地空导弹对突防飞机的威胁评估模型

从研究航空兵对地空导弹突防作战背景出发,建立了地空导弹对突防飞机的威胁评估指标体系,并运用灰色系统理论,结合非线性树形分布权值分配法的应用,构建了基于多层次灰色理论的地空导弹对突防飞机的威胁评估模型,最后通过实例,对模型的有效性进行了检验.     

金属靶体材料动力硬度测试及动态阻力分析

以高速侵彻下45钢靶体侵彻阻力为研究对象,开展了弹体高速侵彻45钢靶体试验,获取了典型弹体对45钢靶体的成坑参数。基于高速侵彻阻力模型对靶体侵彻阻力及影响因素进行分析。结合流体动力学侵彻模型对不同弹体材料侵彻45钢靶体侵彻深度规律进行研究。研究结果表明:随着撞击速度的增大,45钢的靶体阻力从5. 13 GPa减小到3. 7 GPa;基于材料动力硬度测试方法的靶体动态阻力测试结果和理论计算结果吻合较好;随着靶体动态屈服强度的增大,靶体阻力呈线性增大的趋势;侵彻深度及靶体动态阻力理论计算结果和试验数据吻合较好,说明所提动态阻力确定方法可行,可为高速侵彻动力学研究提供参考。     

复合战斗部结构参数影响分析

应用AUTODYN仿真软件,对一种复合战斗部方案的EFP成型性能进行了分析,结果表明,相对于传统布局方案,在破片方案更改后改变了药型罩的成型过程,导致EFP形状变差从而降低了毁伤性能。通过对结构参数影响进行分析,提出了优化方案,解决了破片方案调整后EFP的成型问题。     

提高弹道导弹突防能力的技术途径

基于反导系统的射击过程建立了计算弹道导弹突防概率的数学模型;通过仿真计算分析,提出了提高弹道突防能力的技术。     

增量比例导引弹道仿真研究

通过引入附加增量,对传统的比例导引方法进行改进。建立了增量比例导引方法的数学模型,运用Matlab语言进行仿真计算,分析了不同的比例导引系数、附加增量对导引弹道及导弹与目标相遇时间的影响,得到不同导引系数及附加增量下的弹道曲线和弹目相遇时间,仿真结果表明与传统的比例导引方法相比,在比例导引系数不变的情况下,选择合适的附加增量可以减少导弹与目标的相遇时间。     

射频隐身反隐身E&V系统的设计与实现

针对战机射频隐身性能很难评估的现实问题,提出一种射频隐身反隐身实验与验证半实物仿真系统的设计与实现方法。该系统不仅能对战机的射频隐身性能进行验证,同时还可以对飞机的隐身波形、辐射策略等设计提供理论依据和实验支撑。在分析辐射信号模型以及截获模型的基础上,详细介绍了该系统的各功能组成和结构框图。该系统可以开展对于射频隐身的作战需求、管控模型、使用准则等方面的定量研究,对于提高战机的生存能力、突防能力和作战能力具有重要的意义。     

水燃比对水冲压发动机性能影响数值模拟与试验研究

为了研究水燃比对二次进水水冲压发动机比冲性能的影响规律,建立了发动机补燃室两相反应模型,对镁基水冲压发动机进行了数值模拟,获得了发动机比冲、喷管出口温度及出口速度随水燃比变化趋势,在此基础上进行了水冲压发动机地面直连式试验研究.结果表明,存在最佳水燃比使二次进水水冲压发动机比冲性能较优.     

Shaped charge penetration into high- and ultrahigh-strength Steel–Fiber reactive powder concrete targets

Experiments on shaped charge penetration into high and ultrahigh strength steel-fiber reactive powder concrete (RPC) targets were performed in this paper. Results show that the variation of penetration depth and crater diameter with concrete strength is different from that of shaped charge penetration into normal strength concrete (NSC). The crater diameter of RPC is smaller than that of NSC penetrated by the shaped charge. The jet particles are strongly disturbed and hardly reach the crater bottom because they pass through the narrow channel formed by jet penetration into the RPC. The effects of radial drift velocity and gap effects of jet particles for a shaped charge penetration into RPC target are discussed. Moreover, a theoretical model is presented to describe the penetration of shaped charge into RPC target. As the concrete strength increases, the penetration resistance increases and the entrance crater diameter decreases. Given the drift velocity and narrow crater channel, the low-velocity jet particles can hardly reach the crater bottom to increase the penetration depth. Moreover, the narrow channel has a stronger interference to the jet particles with increasing concrete strength; hence, the gap effects must be considered. The drift velocity and gap effects, which are the same as penetration resistance, also have significant effects during the process of shaped charge penetration into ultrahigh-strength concrete. The crater profiles are calculated through a theoretical model, and the results are in good agreement with the experiments.     

基于层裂机理的弹体侵彻混凝土的工程模型

以斜侵彻过程中的终点弹道为研究对象,基于动态球形空腔膨胀理论给出的阻力函数理论公式和开坑阶段的表面层裂机理,建立了能够综合考虑弹头形状、开坑区深度的斜侵彻深度预测模型,并进一步推导了能够适用不同弹头形状的弹体过载时程曲线计算公式。预测模型得到的侵彻深度和过载与试验结果吻合较好。研究结果可为弹体与混凝土靶的斜侵彻弹道分析和弹丸头部设计提供一定帮助。     

电化学极化状态对潜艇螺旋桨扰动电场模型的影响

潜艇服役期间涂层性能退变影响潜艇电场分布,以材料电化学极化状态为边界条件,应用边界元法建立潜艇涂层性能下降、涂层渗透腐蚀、涂层局部破损极化三种潜艇腐蚀静电场模型,从时域和频域特征对螺旋桨扰动电场模型进行分析。研究结果表明：电化学极化状态对螺旋桨扰动电场的电位信号特征及电场谐波频段影响显著。恒电位、线性极化、非线性极化三种边界条件下,螺旋桨以相同频率旋转扰动静电场时,各模型的频率成分占比差异明显。非线性边界条件下的扰动频率和2倍扰动频占比相差最大,线性边界条件下的扰动频率和2倍扰动频占比相差最小。三种边界条件下电场模型的3倍扰动频以上的谐波范围会发生改变,恒电位边界下模型谐波范围最小,非线性边界条件下谐波范围最大。     

Partial penetration of annular grooved projectiles impacting ductile metal targets

Changing and optimizing the projectile nose shape is an important way to achieve specific ballistic performance. One special ballistic performance is the embedding effect, which can achieve a delayed high-explosive reaction on the target surface. This embedding effect includes a rebound phase that is significantly different from the traditional penetration process. To better study embedment behavior, this study proposed a novel nose shape called an annular grooved projectile and defined its interaction process with the ductile metal plate as partial penetration. Specifically, we conducted a series of low-velocity-ballistic tests in which these steel projectiles were used to strike 16-mm-thick target plates made with 2024-O aluminum alloy. We observed the dynamic evolution characteristics of this aluminum alloy near the impact craters and analyzed these characteristics by corresponding cross-sectional views and numerical simulations. The results indicated that the penetration resistance had a brief decrease that was influenced by its groove structure, but then it increased significantly-that is, the fluctuation of penetration resistance was affected by the irregular nose shape. Moreover, we visualized the distribution of the material in the groove and its inflow process through the rheology lines in microscopic tests and the highlighted mesh lines in simulations. The combination of these phenomena revealed the embed-ment mechanism of the annular grooved projectile and optimized the design of the groove shape to achieve a more firm embedment performance. The embedment was achieved primarily by the target material filled in the groove structure. Therefore, preventing the shear failure that occurred on the filling material was key to achieving this embedding effect.     

横向效应增强型弹垂直侵彻薄靶的轴向剩余速度理论分析

为了得到横向效应增强型弹（Penetration with Enhanced Lateral Efficiency projectile, PELE）对金属薄靶垂直侵彻后的弹体轴向剩余速度，运用平面冲击波理论，对PELE的侵彻机理进行分析。参照平头弹体对靶板的侵彻模型，将PELE侵彻过程中的能量损失划分为以下几个部分：外壳体和内芯撞靶区域对应的环形塞块获得的能量、冲击波作用下弹体的内能增量以及剪切耗能等。然后根据能量守恒原理，得到PELE垂直侵彻金属薄靶后的PELE弹体轴向剩余速度的理论模型。为了验证该模型的合理性和准确性，设计相应的试验进行验证。结果表明，不同条件下得到的试验结果和理论模型得到的计算结果均吻合得较好。因此，得到的PELE垂直侵彻薄靶的轴向剩余速度理论模型可为工程应用提供指导和参考。     

Resistance of grid steel-tube-confined concrete targets against projectile impact: Experimental investigation and analytical engineering model

Steel-tube-confined concrete (STCC) targets are provided with excellent anti-penetration performance over semi-infinite concrete (SIC) targets since the steel tube imposes passive restraint on the in-filled concrete during the penetration process. Grid STCC system with square steel tubes is a potential solution to protective structures. In this paper, experiments of 9-cell grid STCC targets penetrated by 12.7 mm Armor Piercing Projectile (APP) were performed. The influence of side length and thickness of steel tube, steel ratio and impact velocity on anti-penetration performance were taken into account. Additionally, single-cell square STCC targets were also designed and tested for comparison with the 9-cell grid STCC targets. Damage modes and parameters of the tested targets were measured and discussed. Moreover, the stiffness of radial confinement of grid STCC targets is achieved according to the elastic solution of infinite cylindrical shell in Winkler medium. Furthermore, the penetration resistance and depth of penetration (DOP) for grid STCC targets are obtained on the basis of the dynamic finite spherical cavity-expansion (FSCE) models including radial confinement effect. It is shown that the 9-cell grid STCC targets with optimal dimension match of thickness and side length of steel tube can reduce the DOP by about 17 % and 23 % in comparison with the SIC targets and single-cell square STCC targets, respectively, due to both the confinement of square steel tube to concrete in the impacted cell and the additional confinement of the surrounding cells to the impacted cell; the penetration resistance and DOP of the grid and cellular STCC targets with similar steel ratio is close, and thus the grid STCC targets with simpler manufacturing process and excellent in-plane expandability are preferred in engineering practice; moreover, the predicted results of DOP model based on the FSCE models agree well with the tested results with the maximum disparity less than 12 % and the proposed model is more applicable to the grid and cellular STCC targets with high radial confinement.