面向仿真的C4ISR系统领域分析与需求复用研究

面向C4ISR系统需求开发中的仿真支持问题,将复用作为一种的C4ISR系统需求模型的构建方法,可以快速形成一个有效的领域需求模型支持系统仿真验证。本文研究了C4ISR系统需求的领域性与领域需求共性问题,在此基础上研究了C4ISR系统需求工程中的需求框架、需求本体以及需求组件等不同粒度的复用方法,分别对上述三种方法在领域应用中的不同作用进行了对比分析。     

C4ISR系统信息融合模型研究

首先阐明了信息融合系统中的几个容易混淆的基本概念,介绍并分析了现有的几种信息融合系统模型及其优缺点.然后在分析C4ISR系统中信息融合处理特点的基础上,提出C4ISR系统动态信息融合的概念,并在此基础上提出一种C4ISR动态信息融合模型.最后简要介绍了基于该模型的C4ISR信息融合系统设计.     

基于仿真的C~4ISR系统需求开发

C4ISR系统需求开发足系统开发的一项重要内容.提出基于仿真的C4ISR系统需求开发的方法,分析了面向仿真的C4ISR系统需求体系并给出了其构成,提出基于仿真的C4ISR系统需求开发过程,重点探讨了基于仿真的C4HSR系统需求验证支持技术,分析了需求验证仿真建模技术和基于需求描述生成需求验证仿真模型技术的实现途径,为基于仿真的C4SR系统需求开发提供了方法基础.     

C4ISR系统仿真测试技术

网络化扩大了C4ISR系统的边界,赋予了系统更多的资源、更强的能力和灵活性,但也给C4ISR系统研究、开发和测试评估等带来了困难。有必要研究设计适应网络化C4ISR系统的仿真测试技术,为网络化C4ISR系统的总体设计、核心能力测试与评估提供技术支撑。本文基于网络中心化仿真的技术体制,设计了C4ISR系统仿真测试环境的系统体系结构,给出系统运行模式,并详述了仿真模型描述规范、信息按需分发与共享、仿真模型开发等系统建设中的关键技术问题。研究成果已在实际仿真测试环境开发中得到应用。     

基于组件的C4ISR系统效能仿真环境

本文借鉴HLA/RTI的思想以及国内外在C4ISR系统仿真领域的相关技术 ,结合C4ISR系统仿真的需求和对象Petri网模型的特点 ,在综合分析基于组件的软件设计方法及组件模型的基础上 ,提出了一种基于组件的C4ISR系统效能仿真运行环境。该环境为高层建模屏蔽了底层消息分发、时钟同步等具体细节 ,减少了仿真应用开发的工作量 ,提高了仿真应用开发的效率 ,并能有效地支持模型重用     

C4ISR联合仿真演练系统体系框架研究

构造联合战役条件下C4ISR综合性能仿真系统是目前C4ISR领域中最重要的应用之一.以网络中心战为背景,以C4ISR体系对抗为中心,构建了联合战役条件下的C4ISR联合仿真演练系统概念框架.基于导调评估层、实装层、代理层及仿真成员层四层架构了系统体系框架,并对各层的含义、主要作用及相互关系进行了剖析.同时借鉴开发与运行过程(FEDEP)概念,从制定仿真想定、联邦开发、生成脚本、集成及测试联邦、联邦运行、系统评估六个步骤论述了系统开发和运行的一般过程.最后结合实际开发及应用对该框架的实用性及后续工作进行了分析.     

基于BP神经网络的C4ISR系统人机交互性能评估

针对C4ISR系统中人机交互子系统的特点,运用神经网络方法探索其性能评估问题.建立了C4ISR系统人机交互性能评估的指标体系,阐述了BP神经网络的相关原理及算法,构建了基于此网络的性能评估模型.并利用MATLAB软件进行了仿真分析,证明了理论的正确.采用神经网络理论进行性能评估,可弥补专家的经验和知识,降低评价过程中的人为因素影响,保证其客观性.模型能够比较准确地对C4ISR系统人机交互性能进行评估,为研究指挥自动化系统提供了一种新的思路.     

基于对策论的C4ISR系统作战效能评估方法

C4ISR系统在现代战争中的重要作用使得其评价问题得到了前所未有的重视.但C4ISR系统的复杂性使得大多研究仅限于其自身效能,而对使用效能特别是作战效能的评估则关注较少.通过对C4ISR系统效能评估的分析和研究,提出了一种基于对策论的C4ISR系统作战效能评估方法,利用矩阵对策构建不同作战策略的效能评估模型,实现了对抗环境中C4ISR系统作战效能的动态评估,并给出了模型的分析与求解方法.     

基于计算实验的C4ISR能力分析系统架构研究*

面向C4ISR能力分析需求,借鉴计算实验的思想,从不确定性因子分析、想定空间规划、仿真实验、数据分析和不确定性因子调整五个活动论述了基于计算实验的C4ISR能力分析运行框架。以网络中心战为背景,以C4ISR体系对抗为中心,构建了一种基于计算实验的C4ISR能力分析系统架构,涉及高性能计算环境,军事想定系统、实验规划系统、可重用建模环境、仿真联邦和评估系统等六部分,并对各部分功能和系统总体流程进行了分析。     

C~4ISR系统结构时效性的仿真评估

时效性是评价C4ISR系统结构优劣的重要标准。为了支撑C4ISR系统结构的分析评估与优化设计,提出了系统结构时效性的评估指标体系和指标评估模型,基于Agent建模方法建立了情报获取、情报处理、决策控制和响应执行等系统结构单元的仿真模型,设计并实现了C4ISR系统结构仿真评估软件。开展了三类仿真实验,分析了影响系统结构时效性的因素,比较了不同类型系统结构的优劣,验证了此方法的有效性。     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.