基于粒子群算法的多基地雷达优化布站方法

为提高多基地雷达探测及"四抗"能力,提出了一种基于混沌变异粒子群算法的多基地雷达优化布站方法.定性分析了多基地雷达的布站原则,并对其量化,建立了优化布站的数学模型.为加快求解速度,结合混沌理论对标准粒子群算法进行了改进,给出了混沌变异粒子群算法在该优化问题中的设计方法,并与标准粒子群算法和遗传算法进行了仿真对比.结果表明,该方法能够快速有效得出多基地雷达优化布站方案.     

改进粒子群算法在雷达组网优化布站中的应用

针对雷达组网优化布站问题,通过分析雷达组网探测性能指标,建立了优化布站数学模型,提出了一种融入自适应反向学习机制的改进粒子群算法并应用于雷达组网布站优化。在此基础上,通过调整加权值分析了不同情形下各性能指标对雷达网探测能力的影响,得出了各情形下的最优布站方案。仿真结果表明,采用改进算法得到的布站方案相对标准粒子群算法要更优,从而验证了布站模型的可行性和改进算法的有效性。     

基于模糊聚类的粒子群算法在雷达组网优化布站中的应用

提出了一种基于模糊C-均值聚类的粒子群算法,将其应用于雷达组网优化布站.定性分析了雷达组网布站原则并对其量化,建立了优化布站的数学模型.为加快求解速度,结合模糊C-均值聚类对标准粒子群算法进行了改进,给出了基于模糊C-均值聚类的粒子群算法在该优化问题中的设计方法,并与标准粒子群算法和遗传算法进行了仿真对比.结果表明,该方法能够快速得出雷达组网优化布站方案,验证了雷达组网布站模型的可行性和改进算法的有效性.     

基于改进的PSO算法解决雷达网布站优化问题

雷达网布站优化是电子对抗仿真的重要组成部分,雷达网布站是否合理直接影响雷达网作战效能.而常规优化算法相对复杂,易陷于局部最优解.针对这一问题,提出适用于解决雷达网布站优化问题的改进粒子群优化算法,并且将所提出的算法与遗传算法进行了比较.仿真结果表明,与遗传算法相比,在相同的条件下,改进粒子群优化算法具有精度较高且不易陷入局部最优解的优点,较好地解决了静态条件下雷达网布站优化问题.     

基于离散化模型的雷达优化配置与部署方法

雷达优化配置与部署问题存在模型复杂的问题,很难对其进行优化.提出了一种基于网格的离散化模型.雷达配置与部署的方案、雷达网对防区的覆盖能力以及雷达布站的约束条件都分别通过网格和矩阵进行了定量描述,在此基础上,建立了雷达优化配置与部署问题的数学模型.这样就可以采用模拟退火算法对该问题优化.仿真实验证明了该方法的有效性和可行性.     

基于电磁兼容分析的舰载雷达优化部署方法

针对舰载雷达频谱拥挤,频率相近或相同雷达之间存在电磁兼容的问题,提出了一种基于电磁兼容分析的雷达优化部署方法。针对由定向天线和全向天线雷达组成的雷达系统,建立了电磁兼容模型,将其作为适应度函数,运用粒子群算法对雷达进行优化部署。仿真结果表明,应用粒子群算法结合电磁兼容模型,可以很好地解决雷达的优化部署问题。     

网络雷达对抗系统反隐身优化部署技术

针对传统雷达反隐身检测存在的角度信息丢失、装备资源利用率不高等问题,提出了一种基于改进粒子群算法的网络雷达对抗系统反隐身优化部署技术。该技术建立了网络雷达对抗系统反隐身检测模型,在此模型基础上将任务区域进行划分和覆盖率加权,得到粒子群算法的目标函数并对收发站粒子种群进行重新部署,通过多次仿真实验得到了最优化布站数量。仿真结果表明,与标准粒子群算法相比,所提出的研究算法收敛更快,得到的加权覆盖率更高,可满足反隐身优化部署效费比需求。     

基于改进粒子群算法的MIMO雷达布阵优化

针对MIMO雷达收发阵列在给定阵元数和阵列孔径下的布阵优化问题，将一种改进的粒子群算法———二分粒子群算法用于非均匀对称直线阵的旁瓣优化。该算法以MIMO雷达联合收发波束为优化对象，对MIMO雷达发射和接收阵列同时进行了布阵优化。仿真实验表明，当阵元数和孔径大小确定时，该算法可以在保证主瓣不展宽的情况下，将旁瓣峰值控制在－21dB以下，且与现有方法的相比，收敛速度更快。该算法在MIMO雷达设计方面具有一定的理论参考意义。     

面向区域覆盖的多传感器优化布站

针对约束条件下传感器优化布站问题,提出了一种基于遗传粒子群算法(GA-PSO)的多传感器优化布站方法。首先网格化战场地理环境,依据战场地理环境和战术条件建立布站约束矩阵;然后考虑任务需求,建立基于探测覆盖率的目标优化函数;最后采用遗传粒子群算法求解传感器最优布站位置。仿真实验验证了所提方法的有效性和合理性。     

基于改进粒子群优化算法的发动机故障仿真

为对发动机的稳态故障特性进行有效分析,提出了一种基于改进粒子群优化算法的故障仿真方法。首先将描述系统性能的非线性方程组,转化为带约束的最优化形式,通过设置式中参数可以仿真不同状况下的系统故障。并且提出运用一种改进的粒子群优化算法来为解决描述系统的高维、非线性函数,该算法在初始化时,运用混沌的思想,使得粒子分布遍历所有状态;在进化时,运用的免疫的思想,设置了基于适应度的克隆算子与变异算子增加粒子的多样性;在免疫选择之后,对各个粒子的速度也进行了重新设置,增加了粒子寻找全局最优的能力。实验结果表明,改进的粒子群优化算法能够有效地求得最优解。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.