时间约束下的某型火箭炮毁伤概率模型及仿真

针对目前计算火箭炮毁伤概率只考虑射击精度和目标特性及弹药量等因素,而不考虑目标机动和对抗因素、生存能力的不足,基于射击理论和火力对抗理论,建立了考虑时间约束的火箭炮营毁伤概率模型,对想定中考虑目标机动及生存因素等时间约束的毁伤概率进行了仿真计算,仿真结果表明了模型的有效性以及目标机动火力对抗决定的生存需求使火箭炮毁伤概率具有时间敏感性。     

基于射击过程仿真的炮兵营射击效力计算

针对目前武器系统毁伤效能多采用近似解析计算的问题,提出了基于射击过程仿真的方法,探讨了射击过程仿真法在毁伤效能计算中的应用,为指挥人员提供单个目标毁伤概率、集群目标毁伤百分数的数学期望等重要参考数据。实例表明,该方法计算量小,运算速度快,与理论结果相比较表明该方法结果准确,可作为作战指挥人员射击效力分析的依据。     

舰炮武器系统对导弹目标毁伤概率的数字仿真

以某型反导舰炮武器系统为原型,通过分析舰炮武器系统反导作战过程,利用靶场舰炮武器系统的动态精度试验数据,建立了动态精度计算毁伤概率的数学模型,模拟了舰炮武器系统对导弹目标着发射击的毁伤概率,实现了毁伤概率的仿真计算,仿真结果与实弹射击结果接近.结果表明,应用这种方法,可以实现动态精度预估毁伤概率,为射击试验方案制定提供决策依据,也可以为舰炮武器系统射击效力的鉴定和效能评估提供参考.     

某型多管火箭炮射击精度对重复毁伤影响

基于射击学理论和毁伤理论,采用矩阵法,建立了某型多管火箭炮射击的重复毁伤分析模型,研究了该型多管火箭炮射击误差对重复毁伤的影响,得出了射击诸元误差和射击散布误差变化对重复毁伤影响的具体规律和二者之间的不同。研究结论对于弹道修正火箭弹设计精度指标确定、弹药消耗规律研究及作战指挥决策具有参考意义。     

未来空域窗下高炮武器系统的毁伤概率

为得到更准确的高炮武器系统毁伤概率算法,将射击诸元误差进行了分解,并对射击诸元误差各分量进行了相关性和重复性分析;在上述分析的基础上,结合弱相关误差序列的生成方法,给出了毁伤概率计算的蒙特卡罗法;基于此算法,计算了高炮武器系统使用未来空域窗射击体制或集火射击体制时,对不同机动特性目标的毁伤概率;结果表明,对高机动目标进行射击时,未来空域窗射击体制相比集火射击体制更优;同时给出了根据目标机动特性选择射击体制的方法。     

针对无人机集群目标的舰炮对空射击方法

利用低成本无人机集群实施饱和攻击,将成为未来海战场突破舰艇对空防御系统的一种新型作战样式.从现有中小口径舰炮武器系统的射击体制出发,详细分析了现有追踪射击方法在打击此类密集目标时的能力不足,为增强现役中小口径舰炮武器系统打击无人机集群目标的能力,提出了基于未来空域窗的对空射击新方法,该方法控制武器系统内的单脉冲雷达波束对集群目标进行空间拉偏扫描,并通过最大似然估计的超分辨算法,获取迎弹面上的集群目标分布特征,改进传统未来空域窗射击方法中弹头均匀散布的设计思路,通过求解高斯混合模型配置弹丸散布中心,使得迎弹面上的弹丸散布概率与集群目标分布特征相匹配.仿真结果表明,该射击方法现实可行,可用于提升中小口径舰炮武器系统对无人机集群目标的打击能力.     

基于仿真弹群的目标毁伤预测模型

针对炮兵对集群有生力量目标射击,提出一种基于仿真弹群的毁伤评估模型.首先仿真得到严格符合射击误差表征的弹群,然后应用坐标毁伤律计算毁伤概率.合理确定描述弹群的毁伤因素之后,采用自适应模糊神经网络系统(ANFIS)从仿真数据中得出毁伤因素与毁伤效果之间的映射关系,进而对毁伤效果进行评估.实验结果表明,该模型精度高,泛化能力好,具有很强实用性,有效解决了根据炸点信息进行毁伤评估的难题.     

考虑目标定位误差的点目标毁伤概率求解

根据射击毁伤理论和概率统计学,在现有点目标毁伤概率求解方法基础之上提出考虑目标定位误差的解析法和仿真法.计算结果表明2种方法均准确可行.通过对比分析得出不同弹药量、不同目标特性条件下,定位误差对毁伤概率的影响程度.运用解析法得出点目标的单发命中概率服从χ2分布,通过大量仿真得出目标定位误差可忽略的条件为WmaxRCEP/ω.     

某型火箭炮弹对面积目标的毁伤仿真

某型火箭炮是新型的主战装备,对其战术技术性能的研究具有重要意义。采用仿真的方法对该型武器系统对目标的毁伤过程进行研究,可以大大节约实弹射击所需经费,并且可以动态地观察毁伤过程的细节。根据某型火箭炮弹抛撒子弹模型及子弹毁伤目标性能指标,采用理论分析和计算机模拟手段,对该型火箭炮弹对面积目标的毁伤过程进行了仿真,并得出了毁伤效率随子弹枚数和CEP的变化规律。研究成果对该型武器系统的作战运用具有借鉴意义。     

气象条件对远程火箭炮射击精度的影响及对策

针对远程火箭炮武器系统射击精度问题,运用误差分析法探讨气象条件对远程火箭炮武器系统射击精度的影响.为提高射击精度,分析了气象准备的诸元误差及气象条件的时空变化对命中概率的影响,并把气象条件的时空变化对远程火箭炮武器系统气象准备精度和命中概率的影响进行了量化,从而找出气象条件的时空变化影响射击精度的根源.针对误差根源探讨了解决措施,为该武器系统实现精确火力打击提供保障.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.