OQAM/OFDM系统中基于压缩感知的离散导频信道估计方法

针对多径信道条件下,偏移正交幅度调制的正交频分复用(OQAM/OFDM)系统中采用导频序列方式进行信道估计时导频开销较大的问题,提出一种基于压缩感知的离散导频信道估计方法。该方法利用无线信道的稀疏特性,建立基于压缩感知的OQAM/OFDM系统信道估计模型,对离散导频结构进行了优化设计,使较少的导频符号随机分布在子载波上,在接收端利用信号恢复算法实现信道估计。该方法能够显著减少导频数量,并实现高精度信道估计性能,通过实验仿真对比验证了所提方法在慢时变和快时变的无线信道条件下的有效性。     

无人机时频二维信道估计研究

依据无人机信道快速时变的相关参数，设计了信道估计所需的时频二维插入导频图案，利用最小均方误差准则，采用维纳滤波器，实现了无人机时频二维信道估计。通过性能分析和数值仿真可以看出，基于Wiener滤波MMSE准则设计时频二维信道估计不仅可以提高无人机信道的精度，同时还可以保证信道的鲁棒性能。     

OFDM/OQAM系统信道估计改进方法

在基于导频的信道估计方法中,伪导频的功率决定了该信道估计方法的性能。为了提高OFDM/OQAM系统的信道估计精度,提高频谱效率,提出一种基于改进导频结构的信道估计方法。在原有导频结构的基础上,对其中功率最高的导频结构进行改进,并给出对应的信道估计方法。由于缺乏足够的接收信号先验知识,无法直接对信道进行估计。为了解决这一问题,提出一种预判决方法对接收信号进行估计,并通过迭代减小预判决引入的误差,提高估计精度。仿真结果表明,本文提出的导频结构具有更高的频谱效率和更好的信道估计性能。     

基于卡尔曼滤波的超宽带时变信道估计

在超宽带时变信道估计中,针对状态转移系数估计不准确引起的滤波发散问题,提出一种基于状态转移系数门限修正的卡尔曼滤波信道估计方法。该方法对时变信道采用自回归模型(AR)进行建模,利用导频估计初始信道信息和信道状态转移系数,并对信道转移系数进行门限修正。仿真实验表明:和传统卡尔曼滤波算法相比,提出方法实现简单并能有效抑制滤波发散问题,提高时变信道估计精度。     

基于判别分析阈值滤波协作通信系统信道估计

在基于正交频分复用技术的放大转发协作通信系统中,针对传统信道估计算法估计精度差的问题,提出一种基于判别分析阈值滤波离散傅立叶变换信道估计算法。该算法首先通过设置改进的阈值门限初步获得信道有效抽头,然后利用马氏距离判别分析对已检测出的信道抽头修正。仿真结果表明:和传统方法相比,提出方法有效地滤除了信道估计中的噪声,改善了信道估计精度和误码率性能。     

正交频分复用/偏移正交振幅调制半盲信道估计

非合作通信背景下,针对传统干扰近似法(IAM)进行正交频分复用(OFDM)/偏移正交振幅调制(OQAM)系统信道估计需要导频符号值作为先验信息的问题,提出一种基于OQAM符号特征的IAM(OCBIAM)估计算法。该算法利用IAM导频结构和OQAM实符号的有限集特征,将信道衰落系数幅度和相位分开估计,在仅获得导频位置而未知导频符号值的条件下实现了OFDM/OQAM系统半盲信道估计。并且证明了OCB-IAM算法由于利用接收符号的二阶统计量将高斯白噪声变为非随机的单音干扰,从而在中低信噪比条件下具有优于IAM算法的估计性能。仿真实验验证了理论推导的正确性和OCB-IAM算法的可靠性。     

叠加导频的放大转发协作通信系统时变信道估计方法

在基于正交频分复用技术的放大转发协作通信系统中,针对整体中继信道估计(S-R-D)辅助导频占用额外带宽使带宽利用率低的缺点以及传统叠加导频信道估计性能不高的缺点,提出了一种新的对角叠加导频方案。在不增加导频数量的前提下,将叠加导频的位置由传统的块状叠加变为对角叠加后,信道估计性能优于传统叠加导频方案和辅助导频方案,且与理想信道估计性能接近。仿真结果表明:和传统方法相比,采用对角叠加导频方案不仅提高了信道估计精度和带宽利用率,而且可以较好地跟踪信道的变化。     

干扰近似OFDM/OQAM系统半盲信道估计

非合作通信背景下,针对传统干扰近似法（Interference Approximate Method, IAM）进行OFDM/OQAM系统信道估计需要导频符号值作为先验信息的问题,提出一种基于OQAM符号特征的IAM（OQAM Characteristic Based-IAM,OCB-IAM）估计算法。该算法利用OQAM实符号的有限集特征,将信道衰落系数幅度和相位分开估计,在仅获得导频位置而未知导频符号值的条件下实现了OFDM/OQAM系统半盲信道估计。并且证明了OCB-IAM算法由于利用接收符号的二阶统计量将高斯白噪声变为非随机的单音干扰,从而在中低信噪比条件下具有优于IAM算法的估计性能。仿真实验验证了理论推导的正确性和OCB-IAM算法的可靠性。     

正交频分复用水声通信自适应调制算法

分析预估信道长度对信道估计算法的影响规律,提出利用水声通信均衡恢复信号统计量对信道估计质量评估的方法。通过信道长度自适应修正机制,实现对未知水声信道的高精度估计。针对水声信道造成的正交频分复用子载波特性差异,基于信道估计结果,提出在码元总速率、能量约束条件下,各个正交频分复用子载波速率、功率优化分配的自适应调制算法。与传统的等功率、速率分配算法相比,新算法能够显著提升水声通信系统的误码率性能,通过仿真和实地试验,验证了研究内容的有效性。     

基于散射信道的OFDM/OQAM信道估计方法

针对散射信道下OFDM/OQAM系统的信道估计问题,将散射信道建模为瑞利衰落信道,对预编码信道估计方法进行了分析,并且提出了一种改进的预编码信道估计方法。该方法通过改变导频结构的布置,减小预编码矩阵的维数,对未编码符号的干扰通过置零法进行消除,从而降低了预编码信道估计方法的计算复杂度。仿真结果表明,改进方法保证了信道估计的性能,与现有的预编码方法相比,改进方法显著降低了计算复杂度,同时不会产生额外的导频功率消耗。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.