协同仿真平台下鱼雷仿真模型设计与实现

针对系统仿真建模可重用的需求,采用组件对象建模的思想对鱼雷进行建模,通过分析鱼雷模型的特点,完成了协同仿真平台下由鱼雷动力学、运动学模块、动力系统模块、控制系统模块、弹道解算系统模块、自导系统模块、引信系统模块、尾流自导模块、误差模块所组成的鱼雷层次结构模型设计,并已实现协同仿真环境中不同粒度的可重用模型的程序开发.通过对鱼雷仿真模型的测试与应用,验证了协同仿真环境下组件对象建模方法具有建模过程快捷、灵活、适应性高、可重用性好和利于跨平台移植的优点.     

基于Petri网的潜艇CGF鱼雷攻击行为建模

为了实现潜艇对舰鱼雷攻击过程的计算机仿真,基于Petri网理论研究了潜艇鱼雷攻击过程的行为建模问题.在对潜艇鱼雷攻击过程的准离散化分析与构建了鱼雷攻击过程Petri网结构的基础上,将Petri网的变迁和潜艇鱼雷攻击过程的战术规则相关联,并提出了解决变迁冲突的方法,建立了基于Petri网行为模型.这种运用Petri网特有的可视化和以动态方式描述了潜艇鱼雷攻击过程的方法,有着坚实的数学基础,为进一步研究潜艇CGF鱼雷攻击自治行为规划打下了理论基础.     

零动态设计方法在鱼雷纵向运动控制中的应用

鱼雷纵向运动方程是非线性微分方程 ,非线性系统近似线性化建模方法有着不可忽视的局限性 .非线性系统的精确线性化设计方法由于其复杂性而限制了它的应用 .将零动态设计方法应用于鱼雷纵向系统 ,为解决鱼雷非线性控制系统稳定设计提供了新的途径 .     

鱼雷壳体结构的模糊优化设计

鱼雷壳体结构优化设计是鱼雷外形优化设计中的重要组成部分,关系着后期鱼雷总体优化设计的成败.但是,目前的鱼雷壳体优化设计方法仅是将设计变量作为固定变量来处理,没有考虑到设计变量存在的不确定性,另外环境变量也存在着不确定性,这些因素都说明鱼雷壳体优化设计实际上是一个模糊优化问题.如果忽略了鱼雷壳体优化设计的模糊性,会导致优化结果存在较为严重的危险性,同时也会对后期的鱼雷总体设计带来无法预知的影响.针对这一问题,在鱼雷壳体结构优化设计中引入模糊理论,建立鱼雷壳体结构模糊优化模型,并用单目标模糊优化方法进行鱼雷壳体结构模糊优化设计.将鱼雷壳体结构优化设计中存在的风险降到最低.     

鱼雷纵向运动二次型稳定H∞控制

讨论了二次型稳定H∞鲁棒控制理论及其在鱼雷纵平面航行控制中的运用.用模型的参数摄动来描述鱼雷纵平面航行模型的建模误差,设计了基于状态反馈的H∞控制器,并对系统进行了分析和仿真.所设计的控制器在被控对象存在一定范围参数摄动的情况下,仍能使系统保持预期的性能.     

鱼雷非线性姿态系统的自适应反演控制

以鱼雷姿态角为输出量,将鱼雷非线性模型转换为输入输出动态和内部零动态两个部分.通过数值计算,确定了零动态的稳定性.对输入输出动态设计了反演控制律,将参数自适应调整与变结构控制相结合,简化了切换函数的设计.仿真结果表明,所设计的控制方法消除了模型参数扰动的影响,使鱼雷姿态角具有良好的控制效果,同时使非线性模型中的其他状态变量保持稳定.     

采用模拟法计算空投鱼雷反潜命中概率问题

鱼雷命中概率是鱼雷武器作战效能的重要内容,是武器装备研究和作战使用研究的必要依据.通过想定机载空投鱼雷作战使用过程,对其要素和步骤进行数学抽象,分析确定鱼雷投放参数以及对复杂声学计算进行合理简化并建立仿真模型,采用蒙特卡洛方法,计算机载空投鱼雷反潜命中概率.     

火箭深弹拦截鱼雷方法及作战过程

根据目前火箭深弹武器系统现状,应用模糊数学理论,提出水面舰艇拦截鱼雷射击参数的计算思路和拦截鱼雷射击组合方案,并据此首次提出使用火箭深弹拦截鱼雷作战过程及其方法,对武器装备的发展和新功能的开发研究,特别是对提高防御水下目标的生存概率,具有十分重要的指导意义.     

变工况条件下鱼雷涡轮发动机控制方法

鱼雷在变速或变深等变工况下工作时,涡轮机的主要工作参数的变化会引起其他参数一系列的变化,导致涡轮机效率下降,为了获得较好的系统运行效率和平稳性,必须对变工况过程中的鱼雷动力系统进行相应的调节。通过建立涡轮机的功率模型,对模型中在变工况条件下的可调参数进行了研究,采用了同时调节推进剂流量和工作喷嘴数目的控制方法,同时对工作喷嘴数目的调节采取了一定的优化措施。仿真结果验证了控制方法的可行性。     

尾流自导鱼雷带角射击弹道仿真

为简化指控系统解算流程,缩短指控系统解算尾流自导鱼雷带角射击参数时间,为后续的鱼雷模拟器的软件研制提供实现手段,提出在尾流自导鱼雷有利提前角射击弹道的基础上进行二次转角航行的改进的尾流自导鱼雷带角射击模型。依据尾流自导鱼雷射击原理,结合有利提前角射击和二次转角射击,对所提出的模型及其约束条件进行了分析与推导,简化了鱼雷带角射击参数的解算。深入分析了尾流自导鱼雷带角射击逻辑,提出采用面向过程设计方法对模型进行仿真,经过对仿真输出图形和仿真数据的分析,验证了所提出模型的准确性。     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.