Feasibility analysis of WDM links for radar applications

Active phased array antennas enhances the performance of modern radars by using multiple low power transmit/receive modules in place of a high power transmitter in conventional radars. Fully distributed phased array radars demand the distribution of various signals in radio frequency(RF) and digital domain for real time operation. This is normally achieved through complex and bulky coaxial distribution networks. In this work, we intend to tap the inherent advantages of fiber links with wavelength division multiplexed(WDM) technology and a feasibility study to adapt these links for radar applications is carried out. This is done by analysing various parameters like amplitude, delay, frequency and phase variation response of various radar waveforms over WDM links. This also includes performance evaluation of non-linear frequency modulation(NLFM) signals, known for better signal to noise ratio(SNR) to specific side lobe levels. NLFM waveforms are further analysed using pulse compression(PC) technique. Link evaluation is also carried out using a standard simulation environment and is then experimentally verified with other waveforms like RF continuous wave(CW), pulsed RF and digital signals. Synchronization signals are generated from this variable duty cycle digital signals during real time radar operation. During evaluation of digital signals, variable transient effects for different duty cycles are observed from an amplifier configuration. A suppression method is proposed to eliminate this transient effects. Further, the link delay response is investigated using different lengths of fiber spools. It can be inferred from the experimental results that WDM links are capable of handling various signals significant to radar applications.     

DETECTION OF TRANSIENT SIGNAL USING THE DISCRETE WAVELET TRANSFORM

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微带及渐变微带中瞬态信号传输特性的小波变换分析

本文利用小波变换对瞬态信号在微带及渐变微带线中的传输特性进行了分析,与传统的傅立叶变换分析相比,小波分析具有速度快、能够分析局部传输特性的优点。文中给出了高斯信号和矩形脉冲信号在微带中及矩形脉冲信号在渐变微带中的传输波形,所得结果对研究超高速与超宽带瞬态信号的传输及电路设计有一定的参考价值。     

一种新的雷达辐射源分选算法

未知信号分选是当今信息战中一项重要技术.基于相像系数的分选可以根据信号重频的调制方式不同将信号进行分类,而PRI(pulse repeat interval)变换法作为一种经典的依据到达时间进行分选的算法具有其独特的优势,但这2种方法都有各自的缺陷.采用将相像系数和PRI变换相结合的算法,首先计算雷达脉冲信号的频谱与矩形信号和三角信号的相像系数,随后依据相像系数采用模糊C均值法对信号进行聚类,最后依据PRI对聚类后的信号进行分选.模拟仿真验证了方法的有效性.     

调频脉冲信号辐射源多普勒信息提取方法研究

提出了一种基于单脉冲频率及频率变化率联合估计和多脉冲联合估计脉冲重复周期变化率的调频脉冲信号辐射源目标多普勒参数提取方法。该方法解决了无源定位系统数据采样频率与辐射源脉冲重复周期不匹配造成的频率偏差问题,在脉冲到达时间的提取上避免了对脉冲边沿的判断,使得利用中频采样信号计算脉冲重复周期成为可能。介绍对了该方法所采用的频率及频率变化率联合估计关键技术,并在此基础上讨论了该方法所能达到的理论估计精度及误差分析,最后通过仿真试验验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

混合气体识别的响应等效性与瞬态信号正交分解模型

针对目前混合气体识别大多采用传感器稳态响应信号、基于线性混合假设或大量样本学习,而瞬态响应信号特征分析主要应用非正交分解的问题,提出一种基于响应等效性与瞬态信号正交分解的混合气体识别模型。分析金属氧化物半导体传感器对混合气体的响应特性,建立基于气体响应成分等效性假设的气体非线性混合模型,在此基础上,提出并应用一种新的正交基函数——扩展类Legendre正交基,对气体传感器瞬态响应信号进行分解;通过对正交分解系数与气体浓度的回归分析,验证二者之间的指数型关联关系,并以正交分解系数为特征参数,利用气体非线性等效混合模型对混合气体分解与辨识。实验结果表明,尽管这种混合气体识别模型仅用单一气体检测的先验知识,对混合气体的识别误差仍可达到15%以内。     

DSets-DBSCAN无参数聚类的雷达信号分选算法

针对现有的很多高效分选算法的性能严重依赖于外界输入的参数问题,例如聚类数目、聚类容差等,将无参数聚类算法DSets-DBSCAN应用于雷达信号分选,提出了一种无参数的雷达信号脉冲聚类算法。该算法无须依赖于任何参数的设置,就能自适应地完成聚类。算法输入直方图均衡化处理过的成对相似性矩阵,使得Dsets(dominant sets)算法不依赖于任何参数;根据得到的超小簇自适应给出DBSCAN的输入参数;利用DBSCAN扩展集群。仿真实验证明,该算法对雷达脉冲描述字特征进行无参数分选的有效性。同时,在虚假脉冲比例(虚假脉冲数/雷达脉冲数)不高于80%的情况下,对雷达信号的聚类准确率在97.56%以上。     

基于循环累积量的QAM信号载波相位估计算法

利用通信信号的循环平稳特性,在循环累积量域内提出了一种基于高阶循环累积量的载波相位估计算法,该算法通过提取观测样本的循环累积量特征并对其进行归一化,有效消除了信号能量、时延和成形脉冲参数对算法性能的影响。理论分析和仿真结果均证明了算法的正确性和有效性。     

差分压控振荡器中单粒子瞬变的研究

压控振荡器(VCO)是锁相环(PLL)中对于单粒子瞬变(SET)最为敏感的部件之一.基于180nm体硅CMOS工艺设计了一款经典的对称负载结构差分VCO电路,并利用电流源表征单粒子效应中电荷沉积和收集的过程,模拟了VCO电路的SET响应.模拟和分析表明,SET响应不仅取决于入射能量、振荡频率,还受到轰击时刻的制约,不同轰击时刻产生的最大相位差可以相差300°以上.此外,偏置电路某些结点最为敏感,可以放大SET的影响,导致时钟失效长达7个周期.     

希尔伯特-黄变换在脉冲涡流信号消噪与识别中的应用

针对传统方法无法有效识别不同尺寸细小裂纹所产生的脉冲涡流信号,提出一种基于希尔伯特-黄变换的脉冲涡流信号消噪与识别算法。对脉冲涡流信号进行集成经验模态分解并通过归一化自相关函数及其方差特性分选出含有噪声的本征模态函数;对含噪声的本征模态函数进行阈值消噪并与未做处理的本征模态函数重构成无噪声信号;对无噪声信号进行希尔伯特-黄变换并计算出希尔伯特边际谱;根据希尔伯特边际谱的差异识别出不同细小尺寸的表面与下表面裂纹。实验结果表明了所提方法的有效性,经过集成经验模态分解消噪,消除了噪声对脉冲涡流信号的干扰;而基于希尔伯特-黄变换的方法则能够有效识别出不同尺寸的裂纹。     

姿控发动机脉冲工作的管路瞬变特性

采用有限差分格式的特征线方法 ,对某姿控推进系统发动机真实推进剂管路在脉冲工作情况下的瞬变特性进行了数值研究 ,对影响发动机多次脉冲启动的重要参数进行了定量计算 ,对比分析了试验结果与计算结果的一致性。说明该方法可方便地对包括许多管路、阀门和推力室的复杂系统进行动态性能分析 ,所得结果对于液体火箭发动机管路工程设计具有重要参考价值     

对高重频PD雷达的舍脉冲干扰

高重频PD雷达是为解决测速模糊而在机载雷达中广泛采用的一种PD雷达工作模式,从PD雷达的特性来讲,由于带宽比较窄使得噪声干扰能量利用效率不是很高。采用DRFM精确获取雷达信号实施干扰是当前干扰的发展方向,但是对占空比接近50%的高重频PD雷达,采用对低重频PD及中重频PD可行的距离拖引,速度拖引等一系列在雷达信号脉冲串间隔内产生复杂调制的干扰方法是不合适的。主要针对高重频PD雷达重频高、占空比大的特点,提出了一种舍脉冲干扰方法,对DRFM截获的雷达信号进行快速部分转发,间隔一定脉冲数舍弃一个脉冲,改变原雷达信号的脉冲重复周期,使得在频域上产生多个速度欺骗性干扰信号,并通过仿真验证了干扰的有效性。     

L波段掺铒光纤放大器增益钳制及提高特性研究

报道了一种新型980 nm激光二极管(LD)泵浦高增益的掺铒光纤放大器(EDFA).通过加入中心波长为1 550 nm光纤光栅(FBG)可以明显提高增益,并分析了增益钳制的原理.实验得到其增益比无FBG结构EDFA提高8 dB,并得到了小信号输入时增益25 dB的有效钳制.     

Experimental study of transient pressure wave in the behind armor blunt trauma induced by different rifle bullets

Pressure wave plays an important role in the occurrence of behind armor blunt trauma (BABT), and ballistic gelatin is widely used as a surrogate of biological tissue in the research of BABT. Comparison of pressure wave in the gelatin behind armor for different rifle bullets is lacking. The aim of this study was to observe dynamic changes in pressure wave induced by ballistic blunt impact on the armored gelatin block and to compare the effects of bullet type on the parameters of the transient pressure wave. The gelatin blocks protected with National Institute of Justice (NIJ) class III bulletproof armor were shot by three types of rifle bullet with the same level of impact energy. The transient pressure signals at five locations were recorded with pressure sensors and three parameters (maximum pressure, maximum pressure impulse, and the duration of the first positive phase) were determined and discussed. The results indicated that the waveform and the twin peak of transient pressure wave were not related to the bullet type. However, the values of pressure wave’s parameters were significantly affected by bullet type. Additionally, the attenuation of pressure amplitude followed the similar law for the three ammunitions. These findings may be helpful to get some insight in the BABT and improve the structure design of bullet.     

A novel noise reduction technique for underwater acoustic signals based on complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise,minimum mean square variance criterion and least mean square adaptive filter

Underwater acoustic signal processing is one of the research hotspots in underwater acoustics. Noise reduction of underwater acoustic signals is the key to underwater acoustic signal processing. Owing to the complexity of marine environment and the particularity of underwater acoustic channel, noise reduction of underwater acoustic signals has always been a difficult challenge in the field of underwater acoustic signal processing. In order to solve the dilemma, we proposed a novel noise reduction technique for underwater acoustic signals based on complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN), minimum mean square variance criterion (MMSVC) and least mean square adaptive filter (LMSAF). This noise reduction technique, named CEEMDAN-MMSVC-LMSAF, has three main advantages: (i) as an improved algorithm of empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and ensemble EMD (EEMD), CEEMDAN can better suppress mode mixing, and can avoid selecting the number of decomposition in variational mode decomposition (VMD); (ii) MMSVC can identify noisy intrinsic mode function (IMF), and can avoid selecting thresholds of different permutation entropies; (iii) for noise reduction of noisy IMFs, LMSAF overcomes the selection of decomposition number and basis function for wavelet noise reduction. Firstly, CEEMDAN decomposes the original signal into IMFs, which can be divided into noisy IMFs and real IMFs. Then, MMSVC and LMSAF are used to detect identify noisy IMFs and remove noise components from noisy IMFs. Finally, both denoised noisy IMFs and real IMFs are reconstructed and the final denoised signal is obtained. Compared with other noise reduction techniques, the validity of CEEMDAN-MMSVC-LMSAF can be proved by the analysis of simulation signals and real underwater acoustic signals, which has the better noise reduction effect and has practical application value. CEEMDAN-MMSVC-LMSAF also provides a reliable basis for the detection, feature extraction, classification and recognition of underwater acoustic signals.     

Mathematical analyses of the GPS receiver interference tolerance and mean time to loss lock

In this paper, novel mathematical expressions are derived for the Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver interference tolerance in the presence of different types of interference signals such as: continuous wave interference, narrowband interference, partial band interference, broadband interference, match spectrum interference and pulse interference. Also, in this paper the mean time to loss lock is determined in order to analyse the mentioned interferences effect on the GPS receiver. These derived analytical expressions are validated with the aid of extensive simulation experiments.     

线性调频脉冲压缩雷达的匹配干扰研究

由于脉冲压缩雷达对目标回波具有很高的压缩比(增益),而对不匹配的干扰信号则压缩比很小.为了提高干扰的有效功率,提出一种与脉压雷达目标信号相仿的线性调频信号作为干扰信号(即匹配干扰),经过理论分析得到了匹配干扰信号在不同的对准频偏情况下,进入雷达的有效干扰功率.通过仿真,结果证实这种匹配干扰可很大程度地提高进入雷达的有效干扰功率,但有效干扰功率会随对准频偏的加大而减小.     

基于天线阵方位变化的相位双差GNSS欺骗干扰检测算法研究*

GNSS欺骗干扰通常由单个天线发射,各个欺骗干扰信号到达接收机的角度相同,采用阵列天线接收时欺骗信号达到不同阵元的相位差包含了其角度信息,故可利用信号载波相位差进行欺骗干扰检测。相位双差检测算法通过比较不同卫星信号到达天线阵两阵元的相位差实现欺骗干扰的判别,但对于二元天线阵,其载波相位双差存在角度模糊,导致虚警概率较高,限制了算法的应用。针对这一问题,本文提出了基于天线阵方位变化的欺骗干扰检测算法,通过二元天线阵在不同方位估计信号的载波相位双差,进行多次判决,有效消除了角度模糊,降低检测的虚警概率,实现二元天线的载波相位双差检测。建立了仿真模型,并通过仿真计算分析验证了该方法的有效性。     

FDTD中波导激励源研究

:FDTD已广泛应用于波导问题的计算 ,本文首先讨论Gaussian脉冲在波导中传输时的波形变化情况 ,然后根据波导的色散特性 ,提出一种调制的脉冲波作为波导入射波的激励源 ,给出了脉冲宽度与调制频率的计算公式 ;讨论在脉冲激励的条件下入射场的计算方法 ,总场 /反射场的连接方法 ;最后给出计算实例证明方法的有效性     

机动目标一维距离像RAT法线性化补偿

研究了机动目标宽带线性调频脉冲回波全去斜率信号模型,根据速度和加速度的调频频谱展宽特点,提出了机动目标宽带一维距离像线性化调频回波模型,给出了Radon模糊图转换(RAT)法线性参数估计与运动补偿方法,并进一步分析了测速和测距误差.仿真实验验证了RAT法一维距离像线性化参数估计与补偿,表明该方法很好地解决了运动参数未知情况下机动目标的一维距离像频谱展宽问题.