多自由度系统及结构非线性自由振动的摄动谐波平衡法

本文在谐波平衡法的基础上,引入摄动的思想,得出了解多自由度系统及结构的非线性自由振动的新方法。其解的形式为小参数和谐波的级数形式,因此,其解不会遗漏任何项,方程为线性的代数方程;利用线性变换,将系数矩阵变换为对角阵,一旦求出线性模态,就可得其解,比线性化迭代法优越得多。算例表明,本文方法对于小振幅有较高的精度,对于较大振幅其结果也是令人满意的。     

脉冲电场诱导乳化油乳胶粒子的振动及计算

脉冲电场作用下,乳化油中乳胶粒子会发生长球状的伸缩振动,但目前对于粒子振动的研究较少.通过建立乳胶粒子振动的动力学模型得出粒子的非线性参激振动方程,对振动阻力和恢复力系数进行函数逼近处理,运用谐波平衡法对振动方程进行计算,得到粒子振动的一次近似解以及幅频特性曲线.数值实验表明,粒子振幅的一次近似解与振动方程的四阶Run...     

复合材料层合圆柱壳的动力响应与层间应力

采用分层壳理论和厚度方向的二次插值函数推导出正交铺设层合圆柱壳的动力响应方程,并得出简支层合圆柱壳自由振动问题的解.对于给定算例,计算出的自振频率与三维分析的结果吻合良好,说明所推导的二维解具有足够精度.计算了前四阶模态对应的壳中应力.计算结果说明,对于高阶模态,层间应力相对于面内应力的比值远高于低阶模态的对应比值,高的层间正应力是高阶模态导致脱层破坏的主要原因.     

分段轴压阶梯梁自由振动及稳定性分析的传递函数方法

采用分布传递函数方法,分析任意多段分段常轴压阶梯梁的自由振动和稳定问题,得到形式统一的封闭解析解。根据梁横截面几何尺寸、梁材料和轴压沿梁轴线的变化,将梁分成多段子梁,对每一子梁采用传递函数方法得到其解析解,通过各子梁间的位移连续和力平衡条件,得到分段常轴压阶梯梁的各阶自由振动频率和失稳载荷及其相应的模态形状。通过三阶梯梁的算例验证本文方法的正确性,并以四阶梯梁为例,计算分段轴压多阶梯梁自由振动的固有频率。     

用曲面超参数壳体单元研究汽轮机叶片振动特性

汽轮机叶片振动特性分析一直是汽轮机强度研究的主要内容之一。长期以来,汽轮机叶片自由振动特性的计算方法多以梁的基本公式为依据,采用能量法、传递矩阵法、有限元法,本文则采用基于壳体理论的八节点超参数壳体有限单元和采用Sturm序列相结合的全高斯消元法,计算了叶片自由振动的频率和模态,并编制了相应的计算程序。理论分析和试验验证表明,该方法对直叶片尤其是对扭曲叶片可取得较高的精度。     

P(r)P振子的自由振动频率规律性研究

将恢复力为ε·sign(x)·|x|~r的振子命名为具有单纯r次幂型恢复力的振子,记为P(r)P振子,给出了其自由振动频率的精确计算公式。提出了频率幂次常数和当量刚度等概念,将P(r)P振子自由振动频率归纳为频率幂次常数与当量刚度平方根的乘积。提出了P(r)P振子的分类方法:把幂次r在0和1之间的称为渐柔型P(r)P振子,振幅愈大,其自由振动频率愈小;幂次r大于1的称为渐刚型P(r)P振子,其自由振动频率随振幅的增大而增大。     

振动对遥感载荷频率基准的影响及数字补偿技术研究

振动会导致雷达上晶体振荡器的工作频率发生变化,严重影响了雷达的工作性能。分析了振动对遥感卫星频率基准的影响机理,提出了针对加速度g的数字补偿技术。实验证明该方法可有效降低频率基准的加速度敏感性,在减小振动对频率基准影响方面具有广泛的应用前景。     

轴向移动内压力梁动力学的动网格法

面向轴向移动内压力梁结构动力学特性研究,采用Lagrangian方法建立了轴向移动内压力梁的运动控制方程,基于有限元动网格法对轴向移动梁运动控制方程进行离散。将内压力作为边界条件,采用Newmark-β时间积分方法计算轴向移动梁动力学响应,并开展动力学特性研究。结果表明,建立的有限元动网格模型能够有效地实现轴向移动内压力梁动力学响应计算。轴向移动内压力梁在收缩运动过程中,自由端振动频率将逐渐增加。悬臂长度对梁自由端振动频率具有显著影响。同时,结构振动频率随内压力的增加而增加。本文中建立的有限元动网格模型能够为轴向移动内压力梁动力学研究提供新方法。     

圆锥壳方程的二次渐近解

本文由旋转壳的一对二阶常微分方程得出圆锥壳的复变量方程,利用渐近积分法推导出方程的一次近似解和二次近似解。二次近似解达到薄壳理论所具有的精度,一次近似解也具有足够精度。对于所取算例,本文解的计算结果与已有的Kelvin函数解的结果符合良好。但本文解为有限形式的简单表达式,便于计算应用。     

对接厚板表面裂纹的残余应力强度因子

利用线弹簧模型求解对接厚板表面裂纹的残余应力强度因子。基于Reissner板理论和连续分布位错思想,将对接厚板表面裂纹问题归结为一组Cauchy型奇异积分方程,并采用Gauss-Chebyshev方法给出了奇异积分方程的数值结果,并与有限元解进行比较,计算结果表明:用线弹簧模型解决含残余应力表面裂纹问题不仅是合理可行的,而且是一种简单方便的方法,便于工程实际应用。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

物理学中的辩证自然观——控制、信息、系统与辩证自然观

和谐律、守恒律、方向律是自然辩证法中自然观的三大规律,它们贯穿、融合并体现于各具体学科的研究领域中。本文主要以自然辨证规律在控制与系统科学中的体现为依托,系统阐述物理学中控制系统理论与信息理论及其应用中自然观三大规律的具体表现。     

The practice and theory of British counterinsurgency: the histories of the atrocities at the Palestinian villages of al-Bassa and Halhul, 1938–1939

This article details two largely unreported atrocities by British forces operating against Arab rebels during the Arab revolt, 1936–9, at the Palestinian villages of al-Bassa and Halhul. It then examines the military-legal system that underpinned and authorised British military forces operating in aid of the civil power, suggesting that the law in place at the time allowed for a level of reprisals and punitive actions, such as happened at al-Bassa and Halhul. The article does not conclude that the law allowed for atrocities but it does argue that it gave a basic form and understanding to an operational method that was brutal and could lead to atrocities. It thus tests the idea in much of the literature on counterinsurgency that the British were restrained and used minimum force when compared to other colonial and neo-colonial powers fighting insurgents.     

Into the black box? Technology sharing in major arms transfers and beyond

From the recipients’ perspective, arms transfers have, through the use of offsets, technology transfers, and industrial participation, become an opportunity to receive not only advanced weapons, but also technologies not otherwise available. How important are friendly relations for securing a military export order? To what extent do buyers demand advanced military or commercial technology and how are these demands accepted by the supplier? How does this influence smaller producers in relation to major producers? These questions are addressed by studying (a) the Joint Strike Fighter/F-35 by Lockheed Martin, USA, and the JAS-39 Gripen aircraft by Saab, Sweden, (b) the Medium Multi-Role Combat Aircraft competition in India for 126 combat aircraft, and (c) the Indian offset policy. In the final section, some long-term consequences are discussed.     

A Muslim by any other name

Abstract

A crisis is emerging in the Nile Basin, where some 300 million people in Egypt, Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Kenya, Tanzania and Burundi rely on the Nile directly or indirectly. Egypt and Sudan wish to preserve a regime based on treaties drawn up during the colonial era that allocated the vast majority of the Nile's water to them. Countries upstream are determined to challenge this. In 1999 the countries using the river formed the Nile Basin Initiative to try to resolve these differences. More than a decade of negotiations failed to break the impasse. In May Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda decided to wait no longer and signed a new treaty, without the consent of Egypt and Sudan. The signatories have given the other Nile Basin countries one year to join the pact. For Egypt, which relies on the Nile for 95 per cent of its water, this is a question of life or death. Egypt has, in the past, indicated it will go to war if its share of the Nile is reduced. Talks continue, but the impasse is driving the region towards a crisis to which there is no easy resolution.     

爆炸冲击波对靶板的损伤仿真与评估研究

为了研究爆炸冲击波对武器装备的损伤，建立了炸药爆炸冲击靶板的有限元模型，对不同厚度靶板在确定爆炸冲击环境下的损伤进行了仿真试验。不同于传统的宏观破口尺寸损伤表征参数，引入了等效塑性应变来精确描述靶板损伤，并提出了一种基于主成分分析理论对靶板损伤进行评估的方法。结果表明：利用该方法所得到的计算结果与理论分析结果完全一致。这说明基于多元统计分析的靶板损伤评估方法是切实可行的，可以进一步应用于装备爆炸损伤评估与易损性研究中。     

静电放电抗扰度试验中辐射场若干特性的试验研究

国际标准IEc61000-4—2中对静电放电抗扰度试验方法和试验布局进行了规定，但是对间接静电放电（ESD）产生的辐射场没有进行描述。根据标准IEc61000—4—2，首先对水平耦合板和垂直耦合板放电时垂直耦合板上的场分布进行了分析，然后对几种医疗设备进行静电放电抗扰度试验。试验得出：1）对两种耦合板放电时，水平耦合板上电场强度和磁场强度随测试距离的变化趋势不同；2）试验结果对ESD模拟器的种类有着依赖关系。这些结果为研究电子设备静电放电抗扰度试验新方法、新标准和新的试验平台及诊断评估方法提供了参考依据。     

超声颗粒监测中聚焦的必要性及相应参数的确定方法

分析了超声波颗粒监测中探头聚焦的必要性,并介绍了与聚焦探头有关的聚焦参数（Ｆｚ,Ｂｗ）的理论确定方法。     

多级安全数据库体系结构及其策略模型的研究

通过对现有多级安全数据库体系结构和策略模型的研究,分析它们各自存在的不足,给出了一个基于核心化体系结构的MLS-DBMS体系结构,并在现有策略模型的基础上,提出了一个基于扩展安全级的安全模型.该安全模型增加了策略模型的灵活性,提高了数据库系统的安全性和可用性.