基于非参估计的局部滑窗双参CFAR目标检测

针对特定杂波概率模型不能有效的描述SAR图像背景杂波这一问题,提出了一种基于非参估计的局部滑窗双参CFAR目标检测算法。该方法首先用非参估计方法逼近SAR图像局部背景,完成对局部背景的精确建模;在此基础上,理论推导了局部双参CFAR检测算法的阈值,设计了阈值求解的数值算法。对典型目标图像进行实验,结果表明,该方法检测速度较快、精度较高。     

基于深度学习的防空武器红外目标识别技术应用研究

针对防空武器的作战使用需求,提出了一种基于深度学习的防空武器红外目标识别流程,通过大视场进行目标检测,小视场进行目标跟踪识别.在目标检测阶段,采用YOLO网络模型实现全图多目标识别定位;在目标跟踪阶段,采用超分辨率重建算法提升目标局部图像分辨率,利用深度残差网络模型实现跟踪目标的识别分类.试验结果表明,基于深度学习的空...     

红外目标分割方法研究

红外目标分割算法对红外目标检测、跟踪具有非常重要的价值。本文利用背景和目标灰度特征,提出一种实现红外目标有效分割的方法,克服红外目标内部温度不稳定造成的误分割问题。本文方法首先采用基于灰度-显著度最大相关准则的二维直方图分割算法进行图像分割;然后,在分割后二值图上进行基于随机种子点选取的区域增长,提取背景;最后,采用形态学方法优化分割结果。相对传统的红外目标检测算法,这种算法具有更好的抗干扰能力,更强的鲁棒性。不仅可以应用于红外图像的目标分割,而且可以应用于其他类似的目标分割问题。     

红外空中小目标小波域检测方法

针对空中远距离红外小目标检测的实际问题,提出了一种基于小波变换的检测算法.该方法首先对小目标图像进行小波分解并在考虑高频系数能量的基础上对噪声和背景边缘系数进行抑制,然后将遗留下来的高频系数通过线性映射变换成灰度图像.其次对3个方向的高频图像按照一维最大熵法进行二值化处理并通过形态开算子进一步滤除噪声,随后将高频图像两两相与关联生成单帧检测结果,并进一步利用帧间目标位置的相关性完成小目标检测过程.最后,在原图像中以检测结果图像的质心为中心生成跟踪窗口.试验结果表明,相对于通常的小目标检测算法,提出的算法在背景抑制、检测准确度以及速度方面都具有一定的优势.     

智能监视系统中红外运动目标检测

本文使用一种基于Cauchy分布统计背景模型的背景剔除（background subtraction）技术成功地实现了对低分辨率红外视频目标的检测。提出以柯西分布作为斧景图像像素强度比值的统计分布模型，并融合图像局部线性相关技术实现背景剔除。该方法同时利用了单个像素点的时序统计特性和邻近像素点所蕴涵的空间区域特性，实现了精确的目标检测。最后的实验表明，所提供的算法可以对室外场景中的红外视频目标实现精确地检测，可以有效地抑制背景中杂波的干扰。     

基于深度学习的SAR图像目标检测实验

针对目前SAR图像目标检测算法只能进行单一目标检测和检测精度不高的问题,对深度学习目标检测框架在SAR图像目标检测的应用进行了实验研究,并结合SAR图像特点进行了优化。比较了基于区域建议的Faster-RCNN和无需区域建议的SSD目标检测框架在SAR图像上的目标检测精度和速度,分析优缺点;研究了预训练模型对SAR图像目标检测精度的影响;最后通过零均值规整化提高收敛速度和检测精度。实验结果表明优化后的目标检测框架,实现了SAR图像多目标识别并提高了检测精度,可以有效地应用于SAR图像多目标检测。     

基于多尺度特征聚类算法的不确定目标检测

提出一种基于无样本的SAR图像目标检测分类方法。针对空战过程中难以获得大量SAR图像目标样本问题,采用基于全局CFAR的多尺度SIFT特征进行目标纹理描述,并针对特征维度较高及特征描述之间存在的冗余问题,通过PCA算法对其进行降维处理后,采用DBSCAN算法对潜在目标区域的多尺度SIFT特征进行分类实现目标检测。通过单一目标和多类目标图像进行实验验证,实验结果表明该方法具有一定的有效性和可行性。     

基于Hausdorff距离的目标跟踪方法研究

序列图像中的运动目标跟踪是计算机视觉的一个重要组成部分,跟踪算法的鲁棒性和计算量是算法的关键。对上述问题进行研究,提出了一种基于Hausdorff距离的目标跟踪方法。该算法结合运动检测和多分辨率技术,极大减少了计算量,并利用有效的模板更新方法,加强了跟踪的鲁棒性。实验表明,该算法能实现快速有效的目标跟踪。     

基于位置预测的靶场图像实时判读方法

在靶场经纬仪对目标实时跟踪测量时,会发生相机随机抖动的情况,引起目标在图像中大幅度运动。应对大幅度运动时,基于搜索窗口的跟踪方法容易丢失目标,而基于全图搜索的跟踪方法时效性差。针对以上问题,提出一种结合核相关滤波算法(Kernelized Correlation Filter, KCF)和目标位置预测的改进的跟踪学习检测算法(Tracking-Learning-Detection, TLD)跟踪框架。利用正交多项式最优线性滤波器及相机角度信息预测目标下一帧位置,在此区域利用KCF进行快速跟踪,可以提高跟踪的成功率和时效性,跟踪失败时再进行检测。仿真实验表明,最优线性滤波器能较准确预测目标位置,给KCF提供较准确的搜索位置,算法每帧耗时仅为1.1 ms,且定位精度优于TLD和KCF,能有效应对相机抖动的问题。靶场实际试验证明该方法可提高靶场自动判读水平,减少人工干预。     

应用局部约束二维稀疏表示识别SAR图像目标

在分析典型稀疏表示分类方法和局限性的基础上,提出了一种基于局部约束的二维稀疏表示方法,以有效解决SAR图像目标识别问题。该方法对SAR图像进行图像预处理,在兼顾图像相邻列(行)对应稀疏表示系数邻近性和样本间局部性的基础上,构建了局部约束目标函数,并通过解闭式解,实现稀疏表示系数的更新求解。利用美国实测MSTAR数据对算法进行了仿真验证,实验结果表明所提出的方法可实现SAR图像目标的有效识别,并对训练样本数目具有一定的鲁棒性。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.