基于综合定权-变权模型的非致命武器采购风险评估

为使定权的确定更加科学合理,在定权-变权模型的基础上,引入了熵理论,改进了原有定权-变权模型,以非致命武器采购为例,利用改进后的定权-变权模型进行了风险评估,依据图表直观清晰地比较了改进前与改进后的定权-变权模型,风险评估结果符合实际情况,为非致命武器采购风险管理提供了科学可靠的重要依据。     

一种改进的基于云模型的效能评估方法

针对传统的云重心和云模型评判法的不足,将综合云模型应用到评估方法中.通过综合云模型对评价者给出的最大和最小评价值合并,采用基于黄金分割的模型驱动法确定评价集,然后进行综合评判,这样对定性评判问题能够充分体现人们的主观判断.最后,引用了简单的实例,证明了方法的可行性,为基于云模型的评估方法的改进提供了一种思考的思路.     

空袭目标威胁动态评估SPA法

针对防空作战中空袭目标威胁评估问题,提出了一种动态评估SPA(Set Pair Analysis)法.依据防空作战特点,构建了空袭目标威胁动态评估指标体系;在利用熵权理论确定评估指标主观权重以及AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process)法确定客观权重的基础上,运用最小二乘优化模型确定评估指标的综合权重;并在评估指标更新时刻权重的基础上,利用集对分析理论对空袭目标威胁程度进行评判.实例表明,该方法能够有效解决空袭目标威胁评估问题,为指挥决策提供一定的依据.     

基于模糊综合评判法的敌空袭主攻方向预测研究

针对主攻方向预测的主要特点,运用模糊理论探索解决其主观推理、决策问题。应用隶属函数及变权重模糊综合评判方法分析,建立了评估模型,得到了类似人主观判断的结果,最后通过示例说明应用模糊综合评判法预测主攻方向的可行性。     

IAHP和熵权相结合的TOPSIS法的空战目标威胁评估

针对空战目标威胁评估问题,提出了一种新的基于改进TOPSIS法的评估方法.该方法综合考虑了主观和客观因素,将运用区间层次分析法(Interval-based AHP,IAHP)求解出的威胁评估指标主观权重与运用熵权法求解出的威胁评估指标客观权重相融合得到组合权重.建立了改进的TOPSIS法评估空战目标威胁的数学模型.最后给出了评估实例,评估结果表明该方法是合理有效的.     

基于主客观组合赋权的PSSA安全性指标分配方法

初步系统安全性评估(PSSA)是飞机系统安全性设计中的关键环节,PSSA最为核心的问题是所建故障树的安全性指标分配问题。针对目前的PSSA安全性指标分配具有较大的主观性和不确定性的难点问题,提出一种基于主客观组合赋权的PSSA安全性指标分配方法。应用粗糙集理论(RS)和区间层次分析(IAHP)法分别确定客观和主观权重,并采用最优赋权法对分配结果进行优化,具有既能客观反应各指标的重要性,又能反应决策者主观愿望的优势。利用一组案例验证了模型的合理性和实用性,可为飞机系统安全性设计提供定量的理论参考。     

一种飞机可达性改进模型及其应用

针对飞机的结构可达性问题,提出了一种对飞机部件排列顺序进行优化的可达性改进方案。应用飞机的维修拆装顺序模型,得出飞机拆卸时的一般顺序,建立了基于模糊综合判定法的飞机可达性改进模型,给出了合理的飞机部件排列顺序。最后,结合实例,验证了该方法的可行性和实用性。     

基于AHP和TOPSIS的组网雷达"四抗"能力综合评估研究

运用AHP法和TOPSIS法对组网雷达"四抗"能力进行综合评估,建立评估层次结构模型和数学模型.该模型的建立为组网雷达的性能优化提供了决策依据,也为评估组网雷达的作战效能奠定了基础.最后给出一例,验证了该方法的可行性.     

博弈条件下基于SINR的制导雷达波形设计

针对电子战环境中用于扩展目标检测的制导雷达波形优化问题,提出了3种博弈策略模型,并针对不同博弈策略模型分别给出了波形优化策略。在前两种模型中,以最大化信干噪比为准则,在杂波条件下采用注水法优化波形;在第3种模型中,给出了智能雷达与智能目标之间的均衡解,并采用两步注水法得到了最优波形设计方案。仿真结果展示了不同条件下制导雷达和目标的功率分配策略。     

基于Vague集的防空武器系统机动能力评估技术

针对已有评估方法存在的不足,提出一种基于Vague集的防空武器系统机动能力评估新方法。分析了影响防空武器系统机动能力评估的指标因素,给出了各评价指标的模糊值表示及指标权重的计算方法,该方法能有效避免传统的专家打分法造成的主观偏差。在此基础上,建立了基于Vague集的防空武器系统机动能力综合评价模型,给出了评价其优劣的排序方法。最后通过实例分析验证,该方法评估结果准确,对指挥员科学决策具有一定的参考价值。     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.