海水集料混凝土单轴受压力学特性试验研究

进行不同SAP体积分数和不同龄期下海水集料混凝土的单轴受压应力-应变全曲线试验,分析龄期和SAP体积分数对海水集料混凝土抗压强度、峰值应变、残余强度和弹性模量的影响。结果表明:SAP体积分数在30%以内时,不同龄期海水集料混凝土的破坏形式均为劈裂破坏;海水集料混凝土内部完全干燥时,其极限应变和残余强度均大于普通混凝土;海水集料混凝土的极限应变可视为弹性极限应变,可将其应力-应变全曲线分为上升段、下降段和平台段分别进行拟合。     

FRP-混凝土组合圆柱本构关系试验研究

以11根外包碳纤维、玻璃纤维、芳纶三种复合材料的混凝土圆柱轴心受压试验为基础，分析FRP-混凝土组合柱与单同混凝土柱不同的受力机理和力学性能，得出FPRP可极大提高混凝土柱抗压承载力和变形能力；通过对实验数据回归分析，建立了FRP-混凝土组合柱应力-应变本构关系模型。模型与实测曲线吻合很好。     

大温差条件下碳纤维混凝土无约束变形试验

为了研究碳纤维、聚酯纤维对混凝土在自由条件下的约束作用,通过设计对碳纤维混凝土、聚酯纤维混凝土和素混凝土加热放热试验,比较掺入不同纤维体积分数的纤维混凝土在大温差条件下无约束自由变形的差异,并用温度线膨胀系数表达。对试验数据进行分析,得到体积分数为1%的碳纤维混凝土比素混凝土抗自由变形能力提高了38.8%,在本试验的各种体积分数中效果最好。结果表明碳纤维与混凝土,虽然热力学性能不同,但是二者结合之后碳纤维因其高弹性模量的特性,反而可以更好地抑制混凝土自由变形。试验效果也表明,随着施工工艺的完善,碳纤维体积分数可能会超过1%,碳纤维对混凝土性能的提升仍然有很大的帮助。     

碳纤维加固钢筋混凝土梁的界限相对受压区高度研究

根据材料的本构关系及平截面假定，结合预应力加固的概念推导出了碳纤维加固钢筋混凝土梁旨的三种不同的界限受压区高度，并给出了界限状态下钢筋、混凝土、碳维生素维片材的相应应力。     

CFRP筋混凝土柱骨架曲线数值模拟

为研究CFRP筋混凝土柱在低周反复荷载作用下的骨架曲线,基于已有的3根CFRP筋混凝土柱的滞回曲线,采用混凝土损伤塑性本构模型和碳纤维筋本构模型,运用有限元分析软件ABAQUS对其试验过程进行数值模拟,并将模拟所得骨架曲线与试验结果进行对比。结果表明:通过数值模拟得到的骨架曲线与试验结果吻合较好,数值模拟趋势与试验得到的趋势一致,从而对该有限元模型的适用性进行了验证。     

高速冲击下金属橡胶动态力学特性研究

为探讨金属橡胶在高速冲击环境下的动态力学性能,制备了圆柱实心金属橡胶试件,使用分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)开展了金属橡胶的动态压缩试验。分析了金属橡胶动态应力-应变规律,探讨应变速率和弹簧卷外径对金属橡胶的动态弹性模量、动态峰值应力、能量吸收和理想能量吸收效率的影响规律。结果表明,动态应力-应变曲线分为弹性形变阶段、局部塑性变形阶段和破坏阶段,动态弹性模量和动态峰值应力均表现出典型的应变速率效应,且均随弹簧卷外径的增大而减小。此外,随着应变增大,能量吸收性能随应变速率增大而逐渐变好,随弹簧卷外径的减小而逐渐变好。理想吸能效率受应变速率影响很小,但随应变增大而逐渐增高并趋于饱和,其饱和值均大于0.75,弹簧卷外径为3 mm时,金属橡胶的理想吸能效率最优,其饱和值达到0.88,表明金属橡胶材料在高速冲击下有良好的吸能抗冲击作用。     

海水集料混凝土基本力学性能试验研究

海水集料混凝土是利用球形高性能吸水树脂及水泥基质制备而成的新型多孔混凝土材料,以孔隙率为变量,对海水集料混凝土进行基本力学性能试验,建立了孔隙率与抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、抗折强度、弹性模量之间的经验公式,结果表明海水集料混凝土立方体受压破坏形式受孔隙率影响较为明显,孔隙率为35%及以下时表现为劈裂破坏,35%以上时表现为剪切破坏。     

海水集料混凝土抗压强度及配合比试验研究

海水集料混凝土利用球形SAP形成内部球孔,是一种基于内部孔结构的新型混凝土。对水泥用量、球形SAP体积分数、水胶比和复合外加剂质量分数4个因素,各取4个水平进行正交试验,采用极差分析和方差分析归纳各因素对海水集料混凝土抗压强度的影响。结果表明:球形SAP体积分数对抗压强度的影响最大,其次是水泥用量和水胶比,复合外加剂质量分数的影响最小。在正交试验的基础上,将海水集料混凝土中球形SAP体积率视为孔隙率,得到一系列抗压强度的回归关系式,提出基于经验公式的海水集料混凝土配合比设计方法。     

菌液脲酶活性对珊瑚砂微生物固化效果的影响

使用不同脲酶活性的菌液对珊瑚砂进行微生物固化试验,分析了固化后试样的渗透特性、干密度增量分数、无侧限抗压强度与应力-应变曲线特征,研究了菌液脲酶活性对珊瑚砂微生物固化效果的影响。试验结果表明:脲酶活性为0.5 mmol/(L·min)的菌液,固化反应速率较慢、产物偏少;脲酶活性为1.0~1.5 mmol/(L·min)的菌液,固化后的珊瑚砂试样渗透系数降低了约2个数量级,固化生成的碳酸钙量多且分布较均匀,具有较高的抗压强度;脲酶活性为2.0~2.5 mmol/(L·min)的菌液,固化反应速率过快,导致试样上部易被碳酸钙堵塞,固化不均匀,应力-应变曲线形态不规则。菌液脲酶活性会影响珊瑚砂微生物固化生成的碳酸钙总量,试验中脲酶活性为1.5 mmol/(L·min)的菌液固化效果最好,珊瑚砂试样强度高、均匀性好,应力-应变曲线较为平滑。     

UHMWPE纤维混凝土基本力学性能研究

研究了一种由超高分子量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）纤维增强的新型纤维混凝土基本力学性能。针对C70等级高强混凝土,设计了四种体积掺量纤维混凝土,通过立方体抗压、劈裂抗拉和四点弯曲抗折试验,分析了纤维掺量对混凝土力学性能的影响。结果表明：UHMWPE纤维对混凝土的抗压强度增强作用不明显,但较大提高了混凝土的抗拉强度和抗折强度,且对混凝土有很好的阻裂、增韧效果。在纤维体积掺量为0.3%~0.5%时,劈裂抗拉强度提高25%以上;掺量0.5%时,弯曲抗折强度提高率超过23%。     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

The UK,interrogation and Iraq, 2003–2008

The UK’s interrogation operations during the conflict in Iraq (2003–2008) are often portrayed by the media as involving significant amounts of mistreatment. This article demonstrates that these practices are not necessarily representative of the UK’s interrogation operations across this conflict. In doing so it contributes to the limited literature on the practice of interrogation and on the UK’s combat operations in Iraq. The UK’s interrogation capability, and therefore its intelligence-gathering capability, is shown to have rested primarily with the military’s Joint Forward Interrogation Team (JFIT). The JFIT suffered from limitations to the number, training and experience of its interrogators and interpreters. It is argued that maintaining a permanent, higher level of preparedness for interrogation by the British armed forces is desirable.     

Remembering and forgetting Mirambo: Histories of war in modern Africa

ABSTRACT

While the study of organised violence is considered essential to understanding the history of the West, and accordingly imbued with various layers of meaning and remembrance, war is widely regarded as inimical to the modern nation in Africa and stable development more broadly. Using examples drawn from primarily from East Africa, this paper considers the ways in which warfare in the deeper (‘precolonial’) past has been framed and envisioned in recent decades, in particular by governments whose own roots lie in revolutionary armed struggle and who began life as guerrilla movements. While in some cases particular elements of the deeper past were indeed mobilised in pursuit of contemporary political goals, in many other scenarios histories of precolonial violence were beheld as problematic and unworthy of remembrance. This paper highlights the paradox and ambiguity which has attended the memory of key aspects of Africa’s deeper past.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.