C~4ISR系统开发的仿真支持过程分析与建模

C4ISR(Command、Control、Communication、Computer、Intelligence、Surveillance and Reconnaissance)系统开发的仿真活动贯穿于系统全生命周期的各个阶段,仿真支持过程联系着C4ISR系统开发仿真的各类要素。首先对C4ISR系统开发仿真支持的内容进行分析,从生命周期维、仿真产品维和仿真任务维三个维度描述仿真支持内容之间的联系。然后分析了C4ISR系统开发仿真支持过程的层次性,应用UML描述了支持过程中的仿真项目模型和仿真过程模型。在此基础上,应用基于Petri网的工作流网,对C4ISR系统开发的仿真支持过程进行建模,分析了支持过程中活动、产品、角色、约束四类要素的Petri网表示方式。最后在一个C4ISR系统开发仿真支持实例中应用以上分析和建模方法,验证了方法的可行性和应用效果。     

无人机保障条件下的炮兵C4ISR系统作战效能评估

针对无人机保障条件下的炮兵指挥自动化(C4ISR)系统的作战运用特点,运用模糊理论探索其作战效能评估的有效方法.综合运用模糊综合评判和层次分析法(AHP)两种决策方法对无人机保障条件下的炮兵C4ISR系统的作战效能进行了评估,评估结果表明,无人机保障条件下的炮兵C4ISR系统的作战效能水平为正常.通过对影响炮兵C4ISR系统作战效能发挥的各个因素进行定量分析比较,认为当用无人机来保障炮兵C4ISR系统时,应当把确保系统的稳定性和提高无人机与炮兵C4ISR系统之间的通信控制能力作为重要环节来抓.     

云模型和混合Petri网相结合的系统可靠性评价

针对复杂系统可靠性评价中工作环境可变的情形,提出基于云模型和混合Petri网相结合的可靠性评价方法。首先采用云模型描述系统的环境适应能力指数,并将其作为混合Petri模型中连续库所的托肯值来控制该模型中变迁的变迁率,然后采用基于Petri网的蒙特卡罗方法对不同环境下的系统可靠性进行仿真求解,得到系统在不同时刻下的失效率。最后以一个C4ISR系统为例,验证了该方法在解决可变工作环境下的系统可靠性评估是可行的。     

基于直觉模糊时间Petri网的不确定性时间推理方法

针对Petri网模型在对复杂不确定性时间信息描述和推理方面的局限性,在定义直觉模糊时间函数以及网络变迁约减规则的基础上,融合直觉模糊时序逻辑(IFTL)、直觉模糊Petri网(IFPN)以及线性逻辑推理的理论优势,构建了直觉模糊时间Petri网(IFTPN)推理模型,并提出了基于IFTPN的不确定性时间推理算法,较好地解决了态势评估中冲突事件间的不确定性时间推理问题。最后,通过典型的战场想定验证了该时间推理方法的有效性和优越性。     

中间产品C~4ISR体系结构动态行为语义一致性验证方法

目前对于C4ISR体系结构动态行为一致性设计还没有有效的验证方法.针对C4ISR体系结构动态行为的语义一致性.首先分析了其验证的内容和规则,然后以体系结构动态行为描述关键产品为基础,构建一个中间产品,再将其转换为可执行的对象Petri网模型,利用该对象Petri网模型进行动态行为语义一致性验证,最后通过一个案例对其进行了说明.     

基于综合性能的C3I系统通信效能

论述了C3I的重要性及其效能,分析了影响通信系统性能的因素,力求在实时综合性能的基础上选择通信路由,论述了传统Petri网和模糊Petri网的一些基本概念和特点及其区别,描述了用模糊Petri网进行系统综合性能分析时的有效算法,提出一种基于综合性能的路由选择算法,最后,通过实例来说明通信路由综合性能评价以及路由选择方法.     

基于Petri网的C2S性能分析方法研究

给出了用时间连续随机Petri网和时间离散随机Petri网计算系统稳态概率的方法,并将其应用于指挥控制系统(C2S)的性能分析中,分析结果表明这种计算方法是可行的。     

基于组件的C4ISR系统效能仿真环境

本文借鉴HLA/RTI的思想以及国内外在C4ISR系统仿真领域的相关技术 ,结合C4ISR系统仿真的需求和对象Petri网模型的特点 ,在综合分析基于组件的软件设计方法及组件模型的基础上 ,提出了一种基于组件的C4ISR系统效能仿真运行环境。该环境为高层建模屏蔽了底层消息分发、时钟同步等具体细节 ,减少了仿真应用开发的工作量 ,提高了仿真应用开发的效率 ,并能有效地支持模型重用     

基于Petri网模型的通信网络综合性能评价

本文论述了传统Petri网和模糊Petri网的一些基本概念,特点及区别,提出了用模糊Petri网建模规则和进行系统问题分析时的有效算法,最后,通过通信网综合性能评价来说明模糊Petri网在系统性能分析中的应用。     

基于SEAS方法的C4ISR系统效能评价

首先介绍了SEA及SEAS方法,分析了SEA在C4ISR系统效能评价方面的不足,指出了SEAS方法更适合用于评价C4ISR系统的效能;接着提出了利用SEAS方法对C4ISR系统效能评价的三种任务模式:单一任务模式,交战任务模式,规模作战任务模式;之后结合具体案例论述了SEAS方法评价C4ISR系统的过程;最后给出了SEAS评价结果及分析方法.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.