On optimal system designs in reliability‐economics frameworks

Reliability Economics is a field that can be defined as the collection of all problems in which there is tension between the performance of systems of interest and their cost. Given such a problem, the aim is to resolve the tension through an optimization process that identifies the system which maximizes some appropriate criterion function (e.g. expected lifetime per unit cost). In this paper, we focus on coherent systems of n independent and identically distributed (iid) components and mixtures thereof, and characterize both a system's performance and cost as functions of the system's signature vector (Samaniego, IEEE Trans Reliabil (1985) 69–72). For a given family of criterion functions, a variety of optimality results are obtained for systems of arbitrary order n. Approximations are developed and justified when the underlying component distribution is unknown. Assuming the availability of an auxiliary sample of N component failure times, the asymptotic theory of L‐estimators is adapted for the purpose of establishing the consistency and asymptotic normality of the proposed estimators of the expected ordered failure times of the n components of the systems under study. These results lead to the identification of ε‐optimal systems relative to the chosen criterion function. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007     

基于黏度和介电常数的柴油机机油质量监测研究

对某重型柴油机机油在使用过程中混入柴油、冷却液、烟炱等污染的情况进行模拟试验,在纯净的机油中分别混入柴油、冷却液和烟炱并搅拌均匀,配成不同百分比的模拟污染油液,利用油品传感器FPS(Fluid PropertySensor)测量模拟污染油液的黏度、介电常数和温度。试验表明:当机油中混入柴油、冷却液和烟炱时,机油的黏度或介电常数随着混入的百分比变化而变化;试验得出了它们之间的定量关系式。通过实车机油质量的检测认为:该方法可以用于机油的在线监测,为机油的按质换油提供监测方法和手段。     

一种基于柔性形态学的红外图像分割方法

红外成像制导导弹的图像分割是图像处理中的重点和难点之一.提出了一种基于柔性形态学的红外图像分割算法,首先对目标红外图像进行柔性形态运算,然后在此基础之上采用模糊c均值聚类方法将图像转化为二值图像,从而得到比较精确的分割图像.最后,通过计算机模拟实验表明:该方法性能优于传统检测算子,并且具有抑制噪声的功能.此研究对于实现红外图像的稳定跟踪具有一定的应用价值.     

论战争年代我军战法创新

战争年代，我军创造了无数脍炙人口而又富有特色的战法，是我军克敌制胜的法宝。然而对于这些丰厚的理论遗产，仅仅了解它“是什么”是远远不够的，必须从产生这些战法的“为什么”中得到启迪，以指导今天的实践，这也是继承和创新我军战法的真正要义所在。基于此，本文从这一新的视角对我军战争年代战法创新进行了考察。     

Some new results on the preservation of the NBUE and NWUE aging classes under the formation of coherent systems

We consider the classical problem of whether certain classes of lifetime distributions are preserved under the formation of coherent systems. Under the assumption of independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) component lifetimes, we consider the NBUE (new better than used in expectation) and NWUE (new worse than used in expectation) classes. First, a necessary condition for a coherent system to preserve the NBUE class is given. Sufficient conditions are then obtained for systems satisfying this necessary condition. The sufficient conditions are satisfied for a collection of systems which includes all parallel systems, but the collection is shown to be strictly larger. We also prove that no coherent system preserves the NWUE class. As byproducts of our study, we obtain the following results for the case of i.i.d. component lifetimes: (a) the DFR (decreasing failure rate) class is preserved by no coherent systems other than series systems, and (b) the IMRL (increasing mean residual life) class is not preserved by any coherent systems. Generalizations to the case of dependent component lifetimes are briefly discussed.     

The FARC’s militaristic blueprint

This article intends to explain the outstanding sequence of success and failure exhibited by the FARC, the main Colombian guerrilla since the 1980s. It claims that such sequence is unintelligible unless the adoption by the FARC of a militaristic organizational blueprint at its 1982 7^th Conference is taken into account. By building itself like an army, the FARC could boost its combat capacity, maintain its structural integrity, and develop powerful mechanisms that held the whole structure together. At the same time, the militarization of the FARC also entailed significant risks and costs like political isolation and high personnel turnover. After describing the militaristic blueprint, the article compares the FARC with other irregular forces that operated in the Colombian context – a comparison which is important to understand the specificity of the FARC trajectory, as well as the benefits and costs involved in it. The analysis highlights the critical role of organizational dimensions in the explanation of civil war outcomes, and suggests that at least for some problems organizational dynamics should be observed at a low level of granularity.     

加强军队政治工作信息资源共享建设

军队政治工作信息资源建设的核心价值目标是信息资源有效共享.充分实现信息资源共享,应以完善科学筹划为统领,以优化网络模式为重点,以完善法规标准为支撑,以深化动力机制为保障,在新的起点上推进军队政治工作信息资源建设科学协展.     

From first to third stream activities in higher education: the case of the Spanish Defence University centre

The paper adds to the debate on the relationship between military spending and economic growth by analysing the contribution of a military university centre to regional economic development. It goes beyond traditional economic impact studies by including research related effects and integrating “third stream” activities. Conceptualization and categorization are carried out to thoroughly analyse the different dimensions of knowledge and “third stream” actions. The analysis is performed from its settlement and during its first 5 years of existence which allows showing how the strategy of community engagement is developed. The conclusion suggests that, as traditional military roles extend, and military education institutions become higher education institutions, a comprehensive evaluation should be taken into account to enrich the public debate on government spending.     

工作环境对发动机本体热负荷的影响

为了研究发动机工作环境对发动机本体热负荷的影响,以某型发动机为对象,采用缸内燃烧与冷却系统传热耦合计算方法,建立了温度和大气压力对发动机本体部件热负荷数值仿真模型。通过发动机热平衡台架试验验证了模型最大误差为9.1%,实车试验验证模型最大误差为6.2%。计算表明:发动机出口冷却水温度随环境温度和海拔升高而升高;环境温度46℃时的缸内活塞最高温度比-43℃时升高了15.4%,汽缸套最高温度升高15.5%;海拔高度每升高1 km,活塞最高温度升高1.04%,汽缸套温度升高0.95%。     

船艇机舱发动机辐射噪声研究

针对在混响声场发动机辐射噪声识别困难的问题,提出用统计能量分析法对船艇机舱发动机进行噪声源分析。建立了机舱发动机噪声源识别模型,计算了发动机各表面的辐射声功率大小及频率特性。应用表面振动测量法对机舱发动机各表面辐射噪声进行识别,其结果与统计能量分析法的对比表明:统计能量分析法考虑声场的反射和叠加,能更好地识别复杂声场环境下发动机辐射噪声。