基于概率分布的硬件木马检测特征选择方法

针对基于旁路信号分析的硬件木马检测中存在的高维以及信号冗余度高等问题,寻求一种特征选择方法在降维、降低冗余度方面的可行性,通过考虑样本概率的分布情况,提出了一种以散度和Bhattacharyya距离作为可分性判据的特征选择方法。首先分析了旁路信号的特征选择问题,然后阐述了基于散度和Bhattacharyya距离的可分性判据,最后在FPGA中植入硬件木马,采用K-L方法进行实验,通过对样本特征选择前后的检测效果发现,这种特征选择方法不仅有助于分辨"金片"与含木马的待测芯片间旁路信号的统计差异,而且与分类错误率建立联系,更好地实现了硬件木马的检测。     

文化视域下的跨文化交际能力培养

跨文化交际日益频繁的时代特征为外语教学提出了新的要求,培养学习者的跨文化交际能力成为当今外语教学的最终目标。即通过目的语言和目的文化知识的学习以及交际能力的训练,提高学习者的外语交际能力。在此基础之上,通过普遍文化的学习,比较文化异同,消除偏见,对异域文化采取包容、开放、移情的态度,根据不同的文化群体、交际场合、交际风格,灵活、恰当地调整自己的言语和非言语行为,培养学习者在认知、情感、行为三个层面的跨文化交际能力。     

基于正交实验设计的UAV编队配系优化方法

针对多无人机执行对地攻击作战任务的背景,建立了编队对地攻击模型,提出了基于正交实验设计的编队配系优化方法。在考虑多机协同作战因素下,构建了编队目标分配的基本模型;以探测、识别和杀伤为基本过程,构建了攻击过程模型;以空袭方付出代价、防空方毁伤程度和作战效率为依据,构建了目标函数模型,分析了模型中中间变量与目标函数之间的关系;利用正交实验设计原理,研究了编队配系优劣的评价方法。实例分析表明,该方法能够在已有的资源约束条件下,给出编队的最优配系方案。     

基于信息熵的多属性群决策通指装备效能评估算法

基于通指装备效能评价指标的多样性和描述语言的模糊性,首先将对通指装备评价属性的定量、定性描述指标统一转化为三角模糊数,实现定量指标与定性指标的规范化处理,在此基础上提出一种基于信息熵排序的模糊多属性群决策算法,实现对通指装备的综合评价．最后,通过通指装备效能评估实例分析并证明了算法的可行性和有效性．     

碳氢化合物的红外光谱识别

碳氢化合物红外光谱特征吸收主要为甲基、亚甲基等结构基团的振动吸收,特征性不强,但C—C主链红外光谱振动吸收能表达不同碳氢化合物的分子结构特征。应用碳氢化合物红外光谱指纹区谱图形貌特征,建立了根据C—C主链红外光谱识别碳氢化合物的方法。研究结果表明,采用指纹区提供的特征信息能够实现对不同结构碳氢化合物的识别,准确率高达99%,优于采用碳氢化合物甲基、亚甲基等结构基团的红外光谱振动吸收信息获得的识别结果。     

The mechanism of liquid dispersing from a cylinder driven by central dynamic shock loading

A systematic investigation on the mechanism of dynamic liquid dispersing process via theoretical and experimental approach is presented. The experiments include weak and strong constrained scenarios using the high-speed camera technique and the flash X-ray radiography technique. Based on dynamic analysis, one-dimensional characteristics analysis and some numerical simulations on the propagating processes of blast waves before the container shell rupturing, further and detailed analyses of the experimental results are presented. The effects of the liquid viscosity on the dynamic dispersing flow are also analyzed, and the spall fracture mechanism is explored. Thus, the dominating forces determining the dispersing liquid flow are revealed, that is, the stretching and shearing action due to the interaction of two reflecting rarefaction waves in opposite propagating directions. The influence of container shell strength on the dispersing liquid flow is also investigated, and the characters of cavitation layered in liquid before shell rupturing are uncovered. Results revealed that different shell material results in different cavitating layers. Then the different cavitating layers drive the different dynamic liquid dispersing process coming into being. The metastable liquid states caused by pressure drop and cavi-tation generation are discussed.     

Hypersonic impact flash characteristics of a long-rod projectile collision with a thin plate target

Impact flash occurs when objects collide at supersonic speeds and can be used for real-time damage assessment when weapons rely on kinetic energy to destroy targets.However,the mechanism of impact flash remains unclear.A series of impact flash experiments of flat-head long-rod projectiles impacting thin target plates were performed with a two-stage light gas gun.The impact flash spectra for 6061 aluminum at 1.3-3.2 km/s collision speeds were recorded with a high-speed camera,a photoelectric sensor,and a time-resolved spectrometer.The intensity of the impact flash exhibited a pulse charac-teristic with time.The intensity(I)increased with impact velocity(V0)according to I∝Vn0,where n = 4.41 for V0 ＞ 2 km/s.However,for V0 ＜ 2 km/s,n = 2.21,and the intense flash duration is an order of magnitude less than that of higher V0.When V0 ＞ 2 km/s,a continuous spectrum(thermal radiation background)was observed and increased in intensity with V0.However,for V0 ＜ 2 km/s,only atomic line spectra were detected.There was no aluminum spectral lines for V0 ＜ 2 km/s,which indicated that it had not been vaporized.The initial intense flash was emission from excited and ionized ambient gases near the impact surface,and had little relationship with shock temperature rise,indicating a new mechanism of impact flash.     

Numerical investigation on cooling performance of filter in a pyrotechnic gas generator

As a key part of the pyrotechnic gas generator,the filter not only removes the particulate matter but also cools the hot gas to a safe level.This paper aims to improve the understanding of the basic heat and flow phenomenon in the gas generator.The pyrotechnic gas generator is modelling by a simplified filter structure with fiber arrays.A finite-volume model of the heat and fluid flow is proposed to simulate the detailed multi-dimensional flow and energy conversion behaviors.Several verification results are in good agreement with data in different references.Simulation results demonstrate that the filter can not only absorb heat from the gas but also cause the high intensity enhancement of the heat transfer.The per-formance difference between inline and staggered arrays is also discussed.The findings of the study put a further prediction tool for the understanding and design of the filter system with fibers.     

Research and development on hypervelocity impact protection using Whipple shield: An overview

Whipple shield, a dual-wall system, as well as its improved structures, is widely applied to defend the hypervelocity impact of space debris (projectile). This paper reviews the studies about the mechanism and process of protection against hypervelocity impacts using Whipple shield. Ground-based experiment and numerical simulation for hypervelocity impact and protection are introduced briefly. Three steps of the Whipple shield protection are discussed in order, including the interaction between the projectile and bumper, the movement and diffusion of the debris cloud, and the interaction between the debris cloud and rear plate. Potential improvements of the protection performance focusing on these three steps are presented. Representative works in the last decade are mentioned specifically. Some prospects and suggestions for future studies are put forward.     

基于自适应Kalman滤波算法的航空发动机可测参数及其偏离量估计

针对采用估计可测参数偏离量建立航空发动机机载自适应模型的方案中,可测参数偏离量估计的问题,引入了CA(Constant Acceleration)模型,建立了简化的可测参数状态方程和测量方程,采用自适应Kalman滤波算法直接估计可测参数,由估计出的可测参数与发动机非线性模型计算的额定值之差,获得可测参数偏离量.为解决因简化的状态模型系统误差较大,采用标准Kalman滤波会出现估计严重偏离真值的问题,分析了标准Kalman滤波准则和状态模型误差对滤波结果的影响,采用动态调整状态预报在滤波估计结果中权重的策略,给出了单因子自适应Kalman滤波算法准则及递推公式,使滤波估计准确.对不同的可测参数分别采取序列滤波的方法,减少了运算量.以仿真产生的发动机测量数据为例,对系统模型和所设计的算法进行验证,计算结果表明,所设计的滤波算法具有很快的收敛速度和计算速度,结果优于标准Kalman滤波算法,具有更好的估计精度和一定的工程应用价值.