激光照射指示器束散角数字化检测方法研究

激光末端制导武器系统中,激光照射指示器出射激光的束散角是一个重要的参数。介绍了一种出射激光束散角的数字化检测方法。区别于传统的套孔法和反射靶板法,该方法通过CCD采集激光光斑,用质心法确定光斑中心,根据激光能量密度分布确定激光光斑半径,进而计算出待测的激光束散角。     

Effect of change of sand properties on travel distance of ricocheted debris

The debris from exploded buildings can ricochet after colliding with the ground, thus increasing the debris travel distance and danger from any associated impacts or collisions. To reduce this danger, the travel distance of ricocheted debris must be accurately predicted. This study analyzed the change in the travel distance of ricocheted concrete debris relative to changes in the properties of a sand medium. Direct shear tests were conducted to measure the change in internal friction angle as a function of temperature and water content of the sand. Finite element analysis (FEA) was then applied to these variables to predict the speed and angle of the debris after ricochet. The FEA results were compared with results of low-speed ricochet experiments, which employed variable temperature and water content. The travel distance of the debris was calculated using MATLAB, via trajectory equations considering the drag coefficient. As the internal friction angle decreased, the shear stress decreased, leading to deeper penetration of the debris into the sand. As the loss of kinetic energy increased, the velocity and travel distance of the ricocheted debris decreased. Changes in the ricochet velocity and travel distance of the debris, according to changes in the internal friction angle, indicated that the debris was affected by the environment.     

Investigation on the process parameters of TIG-welded aluminum alloy through mechanical and microstructural characterization

Multi-pass TIG welding was conducted on plates (15×300×180 mm3) of aluminum alloy Al-5083 that usually serves as the component material in structural applications such as cryogenics and chemical processing industries. Porosity formation and solidification cracking are the most common defects when TIG welding Al-5083 alloy, which is sensitive to the welding heat input. In the experiment, the heat input was varied from 0.89 kJ/mm to 5 kJ/mm designed by the combination of welding torch travel speed and welding current. Tensile, micro-Vicker hardness and Charpy impact tests were executed to witness the impetus response of heat input on the mechanical properties of the joints. Radiographic inspection was performed to assess the joint's quality and welding defects. The results show that all the specimens displayed inferior mechanical properties as compared to the base alloy. It was established that porosity was progressively abridged by the increase of heat input. The results also clinched that the use of me-dium heat input (1-2 kJ/mm) offered the best mechanical properties by eradicating welding defects, in which only about 18.26% of strength was lost. The yield strength of all the welded specimens remained unaffected indicated no influence of heat input. Partially melted zone (PMZ) width also affected by heat input, which became widened with the increase of heat input. The grain size of PMZ was found to be coarser than the respective grain size in the fusion zone. Charpy impact testing revealed that the absorbed energy by low heat input specimen (welded at high speed) was greater than that of high heat input (welded at low speed) because of low porosity and the formation of equiaxed grains which induce better impact toughness. Cryogenic (-196 C) impact testing was also performed and the results corroborate that impact properties under the cryogenic environment revealed no appreciable change after welding at designated heat input. Finally, Macro and micro fractured surfaces of tensile and impact specimens were analyzed using Stereo and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), which have supported the experimental findings.     

Numerical investigation on free air blast loads generated from center-initiated cylindrical charges with varied aspect ratio in arbitrary orientation

In current guidelines, the free air blast loads (overpressure and impulse) are determined by spherical charges, although most of ordnance devices are more nearly cylindrical than spherical in geometry. This may result in a great underestimation of blast loads in the near field and lead to an unsafe design. However, there is still a lack of systematic quantitative analysis of the blast loads generated from cylindrical charges. In this study, a numerical model is developed by using the hydrocode AUTODYN to investigate the influences of aspect ratio and orientation on the free air blast loads generated from center-initiated cylindrical charges. This is done by examining the pressure contours, the peak overpressures and impulses for various aspect ratios ranged from 1 to 8 and arbitrary orientation monitored along every azimuth angle with an interval of 5°. To characterize the distribution patterns of blast loads, three regions, i.e., the axial region, the vertex region and the radial region are identified, and the propagation of blast waves in each region is analyzed in detail. The complexity of blast loads of cylindrical charges is found to result from the bridge wave and its interaction with primary waves. Several empirical formulas are presented based on curve-fitting the numerical data, including the orientation where the maximum peak overpressure emerges, the critical scaled distance beyond which the charge shape effect could be neglected and blast loads with varied aspect ratio in arbitrary orientation, all of which are useful for blast-resistant design.     

区间正交小波变换域FLP算法及其在捷联寻北中的应用

针对机抖激光陀螺角随机游走和发动机干扰等影响静态捷联寻北精度的问题,提出了一种新的基于区间正交小波变换的前向线性预测算法。该算法利用前向线性预测技术以及区间正交小波变换抑制边界效应的能力,有效地减小了角随机游走和发动机干扰。车载实验证明该算法的有效性。     

低入射余角下雷达地杂波反射率模型

在常用雷达地杂波反射率模型的基础上,综合考虑雷达频率、地形种类和入射余角等对地杂波反射率的影响,建立了一个低入射余角下雷达地杂波反射率模型,并在不同的情况下,该模型与其他常用地杂波反射率模型相比较。结果表明:该雷达地杂波反射率模型更符合实际,进而证明了该模型的有效性和实用性。     

低入射余角下雷达海杂波的建模与仿真

研究了低入射余角下雷达海杂波的建模、仿真算法及实现问题。根据实际背景 ,对实测数据进行深入讨论 ,建立起一个较为准确的海杂波幅度分布模型与功率谱模型 ;针对非相参和相参两种雷达体制 ,分别采用修正的零记忆非线性变换法和球不变随机过程法来实现具有给定相关性的K分布随机数序列的产生 ,并以VisualC + +为平台实现了仿真软件。仿真结果证明了模型和算法的有效性。     

舰载红外警戒系统多目标跟踪算法研究

多目标跟踪有着十分广泛的应用,目前国内外多目标跟踪的研究重点都集中在雷达等主动传感器上,但是对于红外的多目标跟踪领域却研究较少。对于红外系统,目标跟踪的最大特点是观测量只有角度,没有距离,这就使得传统的跟踪滤波问题遇到困难。通过讨论舰载红外警戒系统的多目标跟踪算法,分析目标与传感器的特点,提出了一整套多目标跟踪的算法。仿真结果表明,此套算法能满足工程应用的要求。     

炮膛轴线偏离射面的偏离角测量方法分析

用炮口瞄准仪-靶权法测量炮膛轴线的偏离角所得数据偏大。通过对整个测量过程进行分析,表明目前所采用的测试规程中偏离角测量的数学公式推导不正确。在详细推导的基础上,给出正确的计算公式。     

负反馈放大器分析方法探讨

集成电路出现后,负反馈放大器原先的一些计算公式已不适用。为解决这个问题,提出以新放大器为基础的负反馈放火器输入电阻、输出电阻、放大倍数的计算公式。