Decapitation,disruption, and unintended consequences in counterterrorism: lessons from Islamist terror networks in Spain

This study examines the unintended consequences of decapitation strategies. Two Islamist terror networks in Spain have been used to critically evaluate theories of leadership removal guided by large-N cross-sectional research. Arguably, current models neglect to include relational variables that constitute the foundation for policies of network disruption. Spanish terror networks are mapped out over a 10-year period (1995–2004) to demonstrate the importance of network variables. Policies meant to disrupt militant networks can generate unintended consequences, as was the case with Spain’s Operation Dátil following the 9/11 attacks on the Twin Towers and the Pentagon in the United States. The Madrid train bombing network developed in the vacant political space following the counterterrorism operation that targeted radical Islamists in Spain.     

磁浮轨道不平顺对悬浮系统影响的抑制方法

为了研究磁浮轨道不平顺对悬浮系统的影响,介绍了轨枕铺设、轨道梁距离这两个轨道周期性不平顺的主要来源,建立带轨道周期性不平顺的悬浮模块模型。在此基础上,从干扰输入和系统输出的角度探究轨道不平顺对悬浮系统的影响。以数值仿真的方式,分析系统在额定车速下,受到不同轨道波长激励时的悬浮间隙波动输出。结合唐山轨道不平顺功率谱,指出车辆运行时的敏感波长区域,从轨枕铺设和轨道梁架设距离两个方面提出改进意见。针对现有的磁浮轨道工况,从控制器设计角度研究调整控制参数对抑制轨道周期性不平顺干扰的影响。     

基于输出饱和条件下磁浮列车悬浮控制参数优化

低速磁浮列车利用电磁吸力支撑车体,相比轮轨列车具有噪音小、转弯半径小、爬坡能力强等优点。研究控制器输出饱和条件下悬浮系统的稳定性问题,可以避免由于电网电压约束而可能出现的失稳现象,提高了系统运行的可靠性。基于磁浮列车单点悬浮模型,使用电流-位置双环设计方法设计得到可稳定悬浮的控制算法。由于磁浮列车悬浮控制器的输出饱和环节,进一步提出了一种基于搜索极大椭球的控制参数优化方法,在不改变控制算法设计的前提下实现了参数优化。通过仿真和试验均验证了优化后的控制效果,有效指导了实际系统的工程调试。     

等截面隔离段中激波串结构的数值模拟

采用二阶TVD格式的有限体积法偶合Baldwin Lomax代数湍流模型求解雷诺平均Navier stokes方程 ,数值模拟了二维矩形等截面隔离段中的流动现象 ,很好地模拟出由激波 /附面层干扰所形成的复杂的激波串流场结构。计算结果与国外有关文献的结果进行了比较。     

磁浮列车感应无线通信技术

感应无线通信是一种新型的通信方式,它既有别于有线通信,又不同于无线通信,在轨道交通和军事领域有着广泛的应用前景。重点探讨了感应无线通信的基本原理和电磁感应通信的特点,分析了电磁感应通信中的调制和解调的方法,同时给出了系统的具体实现电路。在上述分析的基础上,结合我国磁浮列车的发展情况,提出了适合现阶段的磁浮列车通信的方案,并介绍了相关试验结果。     

磁悬浮列车的定位和测速技术研究

在介绍磁悬浮列车定位和测速技术特点基础上,着重论述了轨枕计数法、交叉感应回线法和脉宽编码感应式绝对定位法在磁悬浮列车定位测速中的应用,给出了实现的原理与方法,并分析了误差来源,并介绍了相关试验结果。在以上分析的基础上,结合我国磁悬浮列车的发展情况,提出适合我国现阶段的定位测速方案。     

磁浮系统模型中用弹簧阻尼器替代控制器的等效性分析

在磁浮列车系统研究领域中,为简化计算许多文献将悬浮控制器等效为弹簧阻尼器。而对该方法的有效性,及其结果的可信度都没有做出进一步的分析。从数学模型上分析了弹簧阻尼器系统与控制系统的本质区别,并从稳定性、动态响应特征以及高频激励响应三个方面讨论了这种区别对系统性能的影响。以国防科大磁悬浮列车为被控对象进行了仿真分析,验证了两者之间的差异,说明弹簧阻尼器与控制器是不等效的。     

列车用复合材料阻燃性能研究

不同类别的阻燃剂配合使用能产生协效作用,大大提高阻燃效果。在甲基丙烯酸类不饱和聚酯树脂9001基体中,添加微囊化红磷/氢氧化铝/三氧化二锑/甲基膦酸二甲酯(MRP/Al(OH)3/Sb2O3/DMMP)阻燃剂体系,对其树脂体系固化物及玻璃纤维织物复合材料的力学性能和阻燃性能进行了实验研究,提出了一种有望用于列车复合材料大尺寸构件制造的性能优异、价格低廉的新体系。结果表明,当质量添加比例分别为12%MRP、50%Al(OH)3、2%Sb2O3时,树脂体系室温粘度100mPa.s左右,凝胶时间超过80min,适用于RTM和VIMP等大尺寸构件成型工艺;复合材料拉伸强度215.4MPa,弯曲强度177.15MPa,拉伸模量13.85GPa,弯曲模量13.36GPa,氧指数39.7。     

测速定位系统的研究

测速定位系统是高速磁浮列车牵引和运行控制基础,与轮轨列车的系统相比,存在着如悬浮间隙波动、长定子轨道接缝及非接触式绝对位置读码等可能影响系统正常运行的特殊问题.为了降低悬浮波动对相对位置检测的影响,提出了利用悬浮间隙归一化处理相对位置检测信号的方法,使输出统一变换为8mm悬浮间隙下的信号,达到了磁极相角精度2.8°的检...     

Balancing a one‐way corridor capacity and safety‐oriented reliability: A stochastic optimization approach for metro train timetabling

In urban rail transit systems of large cities, the headway and following distance of successive trains have been compressed as much as possible to enhance the corridor capacity to satisfy extremely high passenger demand during peak hours. To prevent train collisions and ensure the safety of trains, a safe following distance of trains must be maintained. However, this requirement is subject to a series of complex factors, such as the uncertain train braking performance, train communication delay, and driver reaction time. In this paper, we propose a unified mathematical framework to analyze the safety‐oriented reliability of metro train timetables with different corridor capacities, that is, the train traffic density, and determine the most reliable train timetable for metro lines in an uncertain environment. By employing a space‐time network representation in the formulations, the reliability‐based train timetabling problem is formulated as a nonlinear stochastic programming model, in which we use 0‐1 variables to denote the time‐dependent velocity and position of all involved trains. Several reformulation techniques are developed to obtain an equivalent mixed integer programming model with quadratic constraints (MIQCP) that can be solved to optimality by some commercial solvers. To improve the computational efficiency of the MIQCP model, we develop a dual decomposition solution framework that decomposes the primal problem into several sets of subproblems by dualizing the coupling constraints across different samples. An exact dynamic programming combined with search space reduction strategies is also developed to solve the exact optimal solutions of these subproblems. Two sets of numerical experiments, which involve a relatively small‐scale case and a real‐world instance based on the operation data of the Beijing subway Changping Line are implemented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.