酚醛-石英混杂纤维增强苯并噁嗪复合材料高温失效特征

通过模压工艺制备了酚醛-石英混织纤维增强苯并噁嗪复合材料(P-Q/BZ)试样,考察了其力学性能、烧蚀性能和耐冲刷性能,分析了该试样在高温环境中的主要失效特征,研究其在高温环境中的适用性。结果表明,未经热处理的P-Q/BZ试样平均弯曲强度、弯曲模量和层间剪切强度分别为283 MPa、10.8 GPa和22.6 MPa;经300℃,N_2处理15 min后,试样均匀膨胀,厚度增加22%,弯曲强度、弯曲模量和层间剪切强度分别下降58%、41%和58%;在氧乙炔焰的平均质量烧蚀率和线烧蚀率分别为0.048 4 g/s和-0.081 mm/s,烧蚀后试样宏观不分层,表面炭层微观分层严重,酚醛纤维热解炭、树脂基体热解炭、熔融石英纤维以及碳硅氧化产物相互分离;该试样耐冲刷能力差,在发动机尾焰烧蚀平台模拟的热-力耦合环境中的质量损失率高达59%。P-Q/BZ复合材料需要解决热解膨胀问题,进一步提高抗冲刷性能。     

改性双酚A环氧树脂固化机理及其性能

用脂环族三官能度环氧树脂TDE-85改性双酚A型环氧树脂,达到提高耐热性与强韧性的目的.利用DSC对其固化反应机理进行了深入研究,并借助DDA确定中温固化工艺,对中温固化树脂基体的力学性能和热性能的研究表明固化物力学性能优良,与普通双酚A型树脂相比,相同固化体系树脂浇铸体的拉伸强度由47.30 MPa提高到 70.50 MPa,弯曲强度由62.74 MPa提高到85.48 MPa,冲击韧性由9.08×103 J/m2提高到1.09×104 J/m2,拉伸强度、断裂延伸率、弯曲强度及冲击韧性分别提高49.05%、50.0%、36.24%及19.53%.IR 分析表明,固化物的固化度为92.3%.     

三维编织碳纤维增强莫来石复合材料的制备与性能

结合Al2O3溶胶—凝胶技术和聚硅氧烷浸渍裂解技术制备出三维编织碳纤维增强莫来石复合材料(3D BCf/mullite)。研究表明,以AlCl3·6H2O和(CH2)6N4为原料的溶胶—凝胶工艺能制备出纳米γ Al2O3粉,它与聚硅氧烷在1400℃N2中共裂解可反应生成莫来石。所得3D BCf/mullite的密度为1.784g/cm3,弯曲强度和断裂韧性分别为282.5MPa和17.7MPa·m1/2。材料中较多的孔隙是材料密度和弯曲强度不高的原因所在。     

纤维增强SiO2气凝胶隔热复合材料的制备及其性能

将无机陶瓷纤维与SiO2溶胶混合,经超临界干燥制备了SiO2气凝胶隔热复合材料。SiO2气凝胶纤细的骨架颗粒减少了固态热传导,纳米级孔减少了气体热传导和对流传热,同时无机陶瓷纤维减少了辐射传热。SiO2气凝胶复合材料具有良好的隔热性能,其200℃和800℃的热导率分别为0.017W/m.K和0.042W/m.K。纤维的加入提供了力学支撑,高温处理增强了气凝胶骨架强度,材料在常温和高温下均具有良好的力学性能,其常温的拉伸、弯曲和抗压强度分别为1.44MPa、1.31MPa和0.98MPa(10%应变),800℃的拉伸、弯曲和抗压强度分别为1.95MPa、1.80MPa和1.42MPa(10%应变)。     

石英纤维增强苯并噁嗪树脂复合材料研究

对苯并(啞心)嗪树脂应用于RTM工艺制备石英纤维增强复合材料进行了研究.系统考察了该树脂的工艺性能及力学性能,制备并测试了石英/苯并(啞心)嗪复合材料的力学性能及耐烧蚀性能,并将相关性能与钡酚醛与石英/钡酚醛进行了比较.结果表明,在85℃～145℃温度区间内苯并(啞心)嗪树脂粘度保持在800mPa·s以下,树脂具有较宽的低粘度温度平台和较长的低粘度保持时间.力学性能及耐烧蚀性能研究表明,石英/苯并(啞心)嗪复合材料的层间剪切强达到了61.5MPa,拉伸强度和弯曲强度显著优于石英,钡酚醛复合材料,质量烧蚀率和线烧蚀率分别为0.0510g·s-1和0.032mm·s-1.石英/苯并(啞心)嗪复合材料是一种可采用RTM工艺制备的耐烧蚀材料.     

一种新型结构吸波材料的制备

介绍了阻抗匹配设计原理。自制了三种导电纤维,分别织成正交平纹布,通过优化设计,采用简单层式结构,以酚醛为基体,制备出接近实用水平的多层结构吸波材料。该材料厚3.2mm,密度1.38g/cm3,面密度4.42kg/m2;在8.4GHz～18GHz反射率小于-10dB;弯曲强度173MPa,弯曲模量12.5GPa。     

高温空气下C/SiC复合材料力学性能测试

测试了C/SiC复合材料在高温空气下的压缩、弯曲和拉伸性能,利用扫描电子显微镜分析复合材料在室温与高温条件下的断口微观形貌。结果表明:从室温升温到1 000 ℃测试温度时,C/SiC复合材料的压缩强度由247 MPa降低至78 MPa,性能降低68%;弯曲强度由480 MPa降低至277 MPa,性能降低42%;拉伸强度由247 MPa降低至152 MPa,性能降低38%。高温氧化导致界面退化,损伤材料基体与碳纤维结构,加剧了纤维断裂程度,改变了纤维与基体的结合状态,纤维增韧机制逐渐消失,导致复合材料性能下降。     

准陶瓷Cf/SiC复合材料的制备

采用热重-差热(TG-DTA)、红外(IR)等分析测试手段,研究了聚碳硅烷(PCS)的裂解及化学转化过程,从理论上验证了先驱体聚碳硅烷(PCS)600℃裂解产物的准陶瓷特性.先驱体聚碳硅烷在600℃呈现一种半有机、半无机状态,其产物具有准陶瓷的特征,在大约750℃出现无机化转变高峰,固称其为准陶瓷.以碳布、准三维编织体、三维编织体为增强体,采用先驱体浸渍裂解(PIP)工艺在600℃制备了碳纤维增强碳化硅(Cf/SiC)准陶瓷基复合材料.结果表明,以三维编织体增强的准陶瓷Cf/SiC复合材料获得了较理想的结构、性能,所制备3D-Cf/SiC复合材料密度仅有1.27g/cm3,弯曲强度达到193.69MPa,室温拉伸强度为197.69MPa,600℃拉伸强度为167.33MPa.复合材料断口形貌分析表明,在低温600℃制备的准陶瓷Cf/SiC复合材料呈现明显的韧性断裂特征.     

树脂浸渍裂解对气相硅反应渗透C/SiC的影响

粘胶基碳纤维毡经过CVD工艺进行沉积碳增密处理后,采用酚醛树脂浸渍—裂解对C/C素坯的密度进行调节,通过气相硅渗透反应工艺制备了C/SiC复合材料。研究了树脂浸渍—裂解对C/C素坯密度和气孔率的影响规律,分析了树脂裂解碳对C/SiC显微形貌和力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着树脂浸渍—裂解循环次数的增加,素坯密度增加,孔隙率降低;裂解碳含量为27wt%时,C/SiC复合材料的强度和模量达到最大,分别为231MPa和209GPa。通过控制裂解碳含量,可以实现对C/SiC复合材料力学性能和微观结构的裁剪。     

纳米SiO_2增韧改性环氧乙烯基酯树脂的性能研究

为了对环氧乙烯基酯树脂(EVER)进行增韧改性,采用KH570硅烷偶联剂对纳米SiO2进行表面处理,考察了纳米SiO2表面改性及其质量分数对EVER力学性能的影响。经过偶联剂处理的纳米SiO2复合材料在树脂基体中具备更好的分散性和相容性,力学性能明显优于纯EVER材料和未经偶联剂处理的复合材料。纳米SiO2质量分数为3%时,纳米SiO2复合材料的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、冲击强度分别比纯EVER材料提高了42.10%,43.38%和91.91%;纳米SiO2质量分数为4%时,纳米SiO2复合材料的拉伸模量比纯EVER材料提高了34.57%。通过观察冲击断面的SEM照片,分析了纳米SiO2增韧改性的作用机理。结果表明:纳米SiO2增韧改性的关键在于诱发基体产生银纹,使其对裂纹扩展起到钝化、阻碍的作用。     

添加SiC微粉对硅树脂先驱体转化3D Cf/Si-O-C材料性能的影响

以三维碳纤维织物和廉价的硅树脂为原料,采用先驱体转化工艺制备3D G/Si-O-C材料,考察了浸渍液中添加SiC填料对材料微观结构、力学性能和抗氧化性能影响.结果表明:添加适量的SiC填料有助于减少基体孔隙,改善界面结合,从而提高材料的力学性能;而SiC含量过高时,容易在材料内部形成闭孔,从而导致材料力学性能下降.当SiC微粉含量为18.2%时,材料具有最好的力学性能,弯曲强度和断裂韧度分别为421.3MPa和13.0 MPa·m1/2;而材料的抗氧化性能随着SiC微粉含量的增加而增加,当SiC微粉含量为25.0%时,材料的弯曲强度保留率最高,达到了89.5%.     

Synergistic effect of hybrid Himalayan Nettle/Bauhinia-vahlii fibers on physico-mechanical and sliding wear properties of epoxy composites

The cellulosic bast fibers are recognized as a justifiable and biodegradable substitute for producing moderate strength polymer composite materials because of their characteristics of renewability, eco-friendliness, and higher specific strength. Hence the aim of this research work is to fabricate Himalayan bast fibers (Nettle fiber (NF)/bauhinia vahlii fiber (BF)) based mono/hybrid epoxy composites at varying weight percentage of 2–6 wt% and evaluate the physical (void fraction and water absorption), mechanical (tensile strength, flexural strength, hardness) and sliding wear properties of as-fabricated composites. The 6 wt% NBF reinforced composites exhibited higher mechanical properties as compared to NF and BF composites with tensile strength of 34.04 MPa, flexural strength of 42.45 MPa, and hardness of 37.01 H_v respectively. The influence of various control factors (sliding velocity, NF/BF/NBF contents, normal load and sliding distance) on specific sliding wear rate of composites was evaluated by Taguchi (three factors at three levels) experimental design and the percentage contribution of these selected parameters on sliding wear performance was examined by Analysis of variance (ANOVA). The sliding wear property of as-developed composites was found to be greatly influenced by sliding velocity and the wear resistance was observed to be improved with the NF/BF/NBF contents. The wear mechanism of the as-fabricated composites has been elucidated by scanning electron microscopy analysis. The research outcomes demonstrated that the hybridization of Bauhinia vahlii fiber with Nettle fiber led to improve the mechanical and wear properties of epoxy composites.     

Investigation of the mechanical and ballistic properties of hybrid carbon/ aramid woven laminates

High-performance ballistic fibers, such as aramid fiber and ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), are commonly used in anti-ballistic structures due to their low density, high tensile strength and high specific modulus. However, their low modulus in the thickness direction and insufficient shear strength limits their application in certain ballistic structure. In contrast, carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composites (CFRP) have the characteristics of high modulus in the thickness direction and high shear resistance. However, carbon fibers are rarely used and applied for protection purposes. A hybridization with aramid fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composites (AFRP) and CFRP has the potential to improve the stiffness and the ballistic property of the typical ballistic fiber composites. The hybrid effects on the flexural property and ballistic performance of the hybrid CFRP/AFRP laminates were investigated. Through conducting mechanical property tests and ballistic tests, two sets of reliable simulation parameters for AFRP and CFRP were established using LS-DYNA software, respectively. The experimental results suggested that by increasing the content of CFRP that the flexural properties of hybrid CFRP/AFRP laminates were enhanced. The ballistic tests’ results and the simulation illustrated that the specific energy absorption by the perforation method of CFRP achieved 77.7% of AFRP. When CFRP was on the striking face, the shear resistance of the laminates and the resistance force to the projectiles was promoted at the initial penetration stage. The proportion of fiber tensile failures in the AFRP layers was also enhanced with the addition of CFRP during the penetration process. These improvements resulted in the ballistic performance of hybrid CFRP/AFRP laminates was better than AFRP when the CFRP content was 20 wt% and 30 wt%.     

Effect of organo-modified montmorillonite nanoclay on mechanical,thermal and ablation behavior of carbon fiber/phenolic resin composites

The mechanical, thermal and ablation properties of carbon phenolic (C-Ph) composites (Type-I) rein-forced with different weight percentages of organo-modified montmorillonite (o-MMT) nanoclay have been studied experimentally. Ball milling was used to disperse different weight (wt) percentages (0, 1,2,4,6 wt.％) of nanoclay into phenolic resin. Viscosity changes to resin due to nanoclay was studied. On the other hand, nanoclay added phenolic matrix composites (Type-II) were prepared to study the dispersion of nanoclay in phenolic matrix by small angle X-ray scattering and thermal stability changes to the matrix by thermogravimetric analyser (TGA). This data was used to understand the mechanical, thermal and ablation properties of Type-I composites. Inter laminar shear strength (ILSS), flexural strength and flexural modulus of Type I composites increased by about 29％, 12％and 7％respectively at 2 wt.％ addition of nanoclay beyond which these properties decreased. This was attributed to reduced fiber volume fraction (％Vf) of Type-I composites due to nanoclay addition at such high loadings. Mass ablation rate of Type-I composites was evaluated using oxy acetylene torch test at low heat flux (125 W/cm2) and high heat flux levels (500 W/cm2). Mass ablation rates have increased at both flux levels marginally up to 2 wt.％ addition of nanoclay beyond which it has increased significantly. This is in contrast to increased thermal stability observed for Type-I and Type-Ⅱ composites up to 2 wt.％addition of nanoclay. Increased ablation rates due to nanoclay addition was attributed to higher insulation effi-ciency of nanolcay, which accumulates more heat energy in limited area behind the ablation front and self-propagating ablation mechanisms triggered by thermal decomposition of organic part of nanoclay.     

表面官能化对碳纳米管/环氧复合材料玻璃化转变温度及韧性的影响

通过碳纳米管的不同表面官能化,构造其与环氧树脂的不同界面。采用动态机械性能分析研究不同表面官能化碳纳米管对环氧树脂复合材料玻璃化转变温度的影响;采用摆锤冲击试验研究环氧树脂复合材料的韧性。结果表明:与纯环氧树脂相比,氨基化碳纳米管/环氧树脂复合材料的玻璃化转变温度升高,而羧基化碳纳米管/环氧树脂复合材料的玻璃化转变温度反而有所下降;碳纳米管/环氧树脂复合材料的冲击强度相比纯环氧树脂均提高了近一倍。复合材料性能的这些变化规律主要归因于不同表面官能化碳纳米管与环氧树脂基体间形成了不同的界面。     

无卤磷系阻燃环氧树脂复合材料的制备及阻燃性能研究

采用双酚A-双（磷酸二苯酯）分别与聚磷酸铵和纳米二氧化硅复配制备新型无卤阻燃环氧树脂（EP）材料。通过氧指数、垂直燃烧和锥形量热研究环氧树脂复合体系的阻燃性能。通过热失重和电镜扫描分析对比不同阻燃体系的热分解过程及燃烧炭层结构，推测阻燃机理。     

一种低黏度环氧树脂的制备及性能研究

采用一种新型增韧剂CC对环氧树脂进行增韧改性,获得一种低黏度中温固化环氧树脂体系。测试了树脂的力学性能,并通过红外光谱和动态热机械能分析等方法,对树脂的组织和性能进行了研究。结果表明：当CC的质量分数为19%时,环氧树脂的剪切强度和拉伸强度最大,分别为25.1 MPa和55.88 MPa;该环氧树脂具有较低的黏度;固化过程中各组分反应完全,树脂刚度较大,玻璃温度Tg达110.36℃。     

聚溴化苯乙烯阻燃聚乙烯热解动力学研究

用聚溴化苯乙烯作为阻燃剂，制备了阻燃聚乙烯（PE），利用TG方法研究了PE和阻燃PE在氮气气氛下的热解动力学行为，并用改进的非等温动力学方法研究了其热解动力学。结果表明，加入阻燃剂后材料的初始分解温度提前，阻燃材料的热解区间变宽，阻燃体系的平均失重速率下降，最大失重速率下降，主要分解阶段的残炭率高于未阻燃PE，聚溴化苯乙烯阻燃效果明显，可用于聚乙烯阻燃，说明大分子溴系阻燃剂具有较好的发展潜力。氮气气氛下未阻燃聚乙烯的热解过程只存在一个失重阶段，而阻燃材料在相同温度范围内呈现不同的失重阶段，且在各失重阶段其反应机理函数也发生变化；活化能、指前因子都有所不同，阻燃材料的活化能大于未阻燃材料，且活化能在整个失重阶段是随着温度和转化率的变化而变化的，说明阻燃剂的加入改变了材料的热解行为。