The investigation of NTO/HMX-based plastic-bonded explosives and its safety performance

3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) is the main component of insensitive munitions (IM) formulation because of its outstanding insensitive properties.In this paper,a series of NTO/HMX-based composite explosives were prepared and characterized.The study focuses on the effect of NTO on the performance of the formulations,especially the safety performance.The results revealed that the mechanical sensi-tivity of formulations was associated with NTO content,as well as the thermal conductivity,specific heat capacity and Arrhenius parameters.Then,the high amount of NTO using in formulation was proved to be helpful for NTO/HMX-based formulation to exhibit good thermal safety.Besides,by accelerating rate calorimeter (ARC) and a modified cook-offequipment,the pressure and pressure rise rate were proved as the important indicator for judging the thermal safety performance in confined spaces.Finally,the numerical simulation was used as a credible method for predicting the respond temperature of cook-off experiment.     

5GHz雷达的干扰计算模型概述

文章从开发5 GHz模型的目的入手,简要介绍了5 GHz模型的结构组成,详细讨论了5 GHz模型的干扰计算流程,包括无线局域网和雷达的场景设置、技术参数设置、总干扰计算等,最后给出了5 GHz模型的一个运行范例,以期为其它干扰模型的开发提供借鉴参考。     

Numerical modelling of non-ideal detonation in ANFO explosives applying Wood-Kirkwood theory coupled with EXPLO5 thermochemical code

Ammonium nitrate and fuel oil (ANFO) based explosive is a classic example of non-ideal high explosives. Its detonation is characterized by a strong dependence of detonation parameters on explosive charge diameter, presence and characteristics of confinement, as well as incomplete consumption of explosive at the sonic point.In this work we propose a detonation model based on the Wood-Kirkwood (WK) theory coupled with the thermochemical code EXPLO5 and supplemented with reaction rate models. Our objective is to analyze the validity of the model for highly non-ideal ANFO explosives, with emphasis on effect of reaction rate models.It was found that both single-step and two-step pressure-based models can be calibrated to reproduce experimental detonation velocity-charge radius data of ANFO at radii significantly above the failure radius (i.e. for D/D_id > ∼0.6). Single-step pressure-based model, with the pressure exponent equal to 1.4, proved to be the most accurate, even in the vicinity of the failure radius. The impact of the rate models is most evident on temporal (and spatial) distribution of flow parameters in detonation driving zone, especially when it comes to the conversion and width of detonation driving zone.     

U.S. Troops and Foreign Economic Growth

By way of an evolutionary game model we show that mediation in international conflicts might be harmful to the conflicting parties. In fact, under anarchy both parties can be better off than under an international regime if mediation reduces the parties’ reactive capacities (i.e. their abilites to respond to an aggression). This result is applied to issues currently discussed in the literature on international relations such as the role of the United Nations as a mediator of international conflicts.     

Prediction of concentration of toxic gases produced by detonation of commercial explosives by thermochemical equilibrium calculations

An adverse effect resulting from explosive mine blasts is the production of toxic nitrogen oxides (NO and NO₂) and carbon monoxide (CO). The empirical measurements of the concentration of toxic gases showed that it depends not only on the composition of an explosive and properties of its ingredients but also on several other parameters, such as volume of blasting chamber, explosive charge mass and design, confinement characteristics, surrounding atmosphere, etc. That explains why measured concentrations of toxic gases reported in literature significantly differ.In this paper, we discuss the possibility of theoretical prediction of the concentration of toxic gases by thermochemical equilibrium calculation applying two models: ideal detonation model and deflagration model. It can be demonstrated that thermochemical calculations can provide a good estimation of the measured concentrations and reproduce experimentally obtained effects of additives on the production of toxic gases. It was also found that the ideal detonation model applies to heavily confined explosive charges, while the deflagration model is more suitable for low detonation velocity explosives with light confinement.     

考虑吸收电路的五电平有源中点钳位变频器电压过零切换策略

五电平有源中点钳位(five-level active-neutral-point-clamped, 5L-ANPC)变频器拓扑结构简单,可直接通过公共直流母线供电,易于实现能量回馈,非常适合用于5～10 kV直流供电的船舶推进变频调速领域。简要介绍了5L-ANPC的主电路拓扑和工作原理,针对5L-ANPC拓扑杂散参数较大的四种换流回路,在兼顾可靠性及适装性前提下,设计了纯电容吸收电路。在上述基础上,分析了设置吸收电路后的5L-ANPC拓扑采用传统电压过零切换策略时存在的内开关管过压问题,并提出一种考虑吸收电路的切换策略,实现了输出电压过零器件安全切换,且避免了电压异常跳变。通过仿真和实验验证了所提考虑吸收电路的输出电压过零切换策略的有效性、正确性。     

基于高斯和-容积Kalman滤波的高轨双星辐射源跟踪

高轨双星系统可通过测量辐射源信号的到达时差、频差和到达高轨卫星的多普勒频移,跟踪沿地球表面巡航且载频固定、已知的运动辐射源。针对辐射源运动方程和观测方程的强非线性,提出了基于高斯和框架与5阶容积Kalman滤波的运动辐射源跟踪算法GS-5CKF。算法将起始时刻的时差观测量所确定的处于地球表面的时差线按辐射源经度等间隔划分,初始化多个并行的5阶容积Kalman滤波器,线性组合各滤波器每个时刻的输出以获得辐射源运动状态的估计。针对5阶容积Kalman滤波器,提出了相应的非线性测度并引入滤波器分裂与合并,以提高跟踪精度并保持GS-5CKF算法计算复杂度基本不变。仿真表明,相对仅使用单个5阶容积Kalman滤波器和基于高斯和框架但使用3阶容积Kalman滤波器的GS-3CKF等算法,提出的跟踪算法具有更高的估计精度。     

面向GPU的5G新型无线电的高吞吐率LDPC译码器

提出了一种基于图形处理单元(graphic processing unit, GPU)的5G软件无线电准循环低密度奇偶校验(low density parity check, LDPC)码译码器,为了节省片上和片下带宽,采用码字缩短和打孔技术、两级量化和数据打包方案,以提升数据带宽的利用率。实验基于Nvidia RTX 2080Ti GPU平台实现了高码率情况下的最小和近似译码算法的并行译码,通过分析GPU上的最优线程设置,将码率为5/6的(2 080,1 760) LDPC算法的译码吞吐率提升至1.38 Gbit/s,译码吞吐率性能优于现有其他基于GPU的LDPC译码器。     

5－乙酰基－2－氨基二苯甲酮的合成

用对硝基苯乙酮、乙二醇、苯乙腈、氢气、高氯酸为原料,经酮基保护,环化,催化加氢和消除反应,合成出较高产率的5-乙酰基-2-氨基二苯甲酮。对反应机理作了初步探讨,并用元素分析、IR和1HNMR对其结构进行了表征。     

聚(2-甲氧基-5-丁氧基)亚苯基亚乙烯的合成及电性能

本文用对甲氧基苯酚、正溴丁烷、聚甲醛为原料， 经醚化， 双氯甲基化和碱性消除反应， 合成出长链共轭且可溶的聚（２甲氧基５丁氧基）亚苯基亚乙烯，用 Ｉ Ｒ 和１ Ｈ Ｎ Ｍ Ｒ 表征了中间体和聚合物的结构，并测定了聚合物的伏—安特性曲线。