面向大规模集群的并行I/O用户层配置优化策略

影响应用I/O性能的关键因素主要有三个层次:包括应用的I/O接口实现、体系结构和文件系统组件的性能以及应用的I/O参数配置。从应用I/O配置优化的视角,分析了大规模集群并行I/O的配置调优空间,在此基础上,给出了一套大规模集群并行I/O性能特征测试分析方法。基于该方法,在某国产超级计算集群上开展了一系列I/O测试分析来刻画系统的I/O性能特征,进而指导并行应用程序的I/O配置优化。基于优化后的配置参数,在两类典型的并行I/O场景中,针对某类生产应用程序,8192进程下的重启动数据写操作时间下降了15%,4096核的程序作业加载时间从10 min缩短到了5 s。     

导弹对抗离散数学模型

针对现代非接触战争的特点,用数学方法研究导弹对抗模型问题,针对作战的不同目的和要求,建立两个导弹对抗的非线性规划数学模型,对模型求解设计了近似方法,该方法把上述非线性规划模型化为多个线性规划模型进行求解.对一类较简单的特殊情况进行了仔细分析,得到了分析解.最后指出该方法如何应用于动态实时优化决策.本文的方法可用来预测和评估导弹对抗的效果,为作战实时优化决策提供参考.     

远程预警声呐发现目标后的机动原则

鉴于经典的载体优化理论对装备舷侧阵声呐的潜艇的局限性,讨论了装备舷侧阵远程预警声呐的潜艇发现目标后的机动问题.在分析经典的载体优化机动理论的使用条件和特点的前提下,借鉴美国潜艇拖曳阵远程预警声呐发现目标后的战术机动思想,提出了装备舷侧阵声呐的潜艇发现目标后可以采取与初始发现方位线相垂直的倒"U"字机动策略及具体的细节.该机动方法理论上成立,但具体参数的确定还需要经过计算机仿真和海上实践的检验.同时认为战术理论的发展与装备技术水平的发展紧密相关.     

Optimality of the greedy shooting strategy in the presence of incomplete damage information

Consider a situation where a single shooter engages, sequentially, a cluster of targets that may vary in terms of vulnerability and value or worth. Following the shooting of a round of fire at a certain target, the latter may either be killed or remain alive. We assume neither partial nor cumulative damage. If the target is killed, there is a possibility that the shooter is not aware of that fact and may keep on engaging that target. If the shooter recognizes a killed target as such, then this target is considered to be evidently killed. If the objective is to maximize the weighted expected number of killed targets, where the weight reflects the value of a target, then it is shown that a certain type of a shooting strategy, called a Greedy Strategy, is optimal under the general assumption that the more a target is engaged, but still not evidently killed, the less is the probability that the next round will be effective. If all weights are equal, then the greedy shooting strategy calls to engage, at each round, the least previously engaged target that is not evidently killed. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 44: 613–622, 1997     

永磁直线同步电机伺服系统自抗扰反步控制器

为了提高永磁直线同步电机伺服系统的鲁棒性,提出基于自抗扰思想的反步控制器。将永磁直线同步电机伺服系统中的未建模动态和外界扰动定义为总和扰动,并扩充为系统新的状态变量。设计了线性扩张状态观测器估计不可直接测量的直线电机动子速度以及总和扰动,证明并分析了设计的线性扩张状态观测器的收敛性和估计误差。利用线性扩张状态观测器的输出,基于动态补偿线性化思想设计了反步控制器。证明了考虑线性扩张状态观测器估计误差的闭环反馈控制系统的稳定性。在Googol公司的实验平台上,验证了设计的自抗扰反步控制器的可行性。     

失效概率函数求解的高效算法

结合基于分数矩约束的极大熵方法和替代模型法,发展了一种失效概率函数求解的高效算法。所提算法的基本思路是利用自主学习的迭代Kriging方法来构造失效概率函数,即采用较少的训练样本来构造粗糙的失效概率函数,在此基础上通过添加新的违反学习函数约束的样本来更新失效概率函数,直到达到精度要求。对于每一个分布参数的训练样本点,所提方法采用分数矩约束的极大熵法来求解相应的失效概率样本。由于分数矩的计算采用了高效的降维积分,并且由于分数矩约束下极大熵法中优化策略高效地逼近了响应的概率密度函数,从而使得失效概率样本能够被高效高精度地估计出来。为了检验所提方法的精度及效率,给出了两个算例,对比了所提方法与已有的失效概率函数求解的Bayes公式法及Monte Carlo法等,结果表明,所提方法适用于求解复杂的功能函数问题,且在满足精度要求的基础上大大降低了计算量。     

基于非线性扩张状态观测器的直线电机PD控制

为了解决直线电机伺服系统跟踪速度与峰化现象之间的矛盾,设计一种基于非线性扩张状态观测器的比例微分(Proportion Differentiation,PD)控制器。将直线电机伺服系统中的未建模动态和外界干扰定义为总和扰动并扩充为系统新的状态变量,利用非线性扩张状态观测器(Non Linear Extended State Observer,NLESO)估计不可测量的直线电机动子速度以及总和扰动。利用NLESO和跟踪微分器TD的输出,基于动态补偿线性化思想设计了引入补偿量的PD控制器,并给出了闭环控制系统稳定性证明。在Googol公司的实验平台上,通过与两种基于LESO的PD控制器对比,验证了所设计的基于NLESO的PD控制器的可行性。实验结果表明,基于NLESO的PD控制器可使直线电机伺服系统具有跟踪速度快、跟踪精度高、峰化现象小、鲁棒性强的优点。     

用户意图的网络边缘主动计算方法

互联网端到端的设计原则没有区分端系统和网络间接口,使得用户分组处理期望无法告知网络,降低了网络效能。首次提出用户转发意图概念,端系统凭此向网络通告其意图,并借助网络边缘计算能力得以执行,实现用户意图在网络节点转发决策中的主动使能,构成新型主动表意网络i-ECAN。主动表意网络可以在视频直播加速、物联网数据融合、端系统安全认证等场景中得到应用。基于CORE模拟器构建网络演示环境,对无线网络切换和基于主动表意网络的无线网络切换的延迟进行比较,证明了主动表意网络机制的合理性和可行性。主动表意网络扩展了新的端系统和网络之间的接口,为人-网协同提供了基础。     

‘Mad Dog?’ Samuel Huntington and the Vietnam War

Harvard professor Samuel P. Huntington has frequently been considered a Vietnam War hawk. His observation that ‘forced-draft urbanization’ might help the United States win the war has come to define his engagement in contemporary strategic debates. This essay argues that both Huntington’s academic work and his private policy advice to the U.S. Government in fact urged a political settlement to the conflict. It argues that in spite of this, Huntington refused to break publicly with the U.S. policy because of his wider concern over what he saw as a crisis of authority in the U.S. foreign policy and governing institutions in the era.     

Small footprint,small payoff: The military effectiveness of security force assistance

After 15 years of war in Afghanistan and Iraq, many now see ‘small-footprint’ security force assistance (SFA) – training, advising and equipping allied militaries – as an alternative to large US ground-force commitments. Yet, its actual military efficacy has been little studied. This paper seeks to fill this gap. We find important limitations on SFA’s military utility, stemming from agency problems arising from systematic interest misalignment between the US and its typical partners. SFA’s achievable upper bound is modest and attainable only if US policy is intrusive and conditional, which it rarely is. For SFA, small footprints will usually mean small payoffs.