舰载捷联惯导动基座 F-QUEST 初始对准方法

针对目前基于惯性系的捷联惯导动基座对准方法信息利用率不高及矢量观测选取不确定性导致对准精度下降的问题,提出了一种新的舰载捷联惯导动基座滤波四元数估计（filter quaternion estimation,F-QUEST）对准方法。构建了捷联惯导动基座初始对准模型,并利用姿态矩阵链式法则将惯导初始对准转化为姿态确定问题,进而采用 F-QUEST 算法求取姿态矩阵以实现捷联惯导动基座对准。车载试验结果表明：相比传统方法,新方法具有更高的对准精度和更快的收敛速度,水平姿态角误差只需3 s 即可收敛到0．01°。     

Optimal patrol to uncover threats in time when detection is imperfect

Consider a patrol problem, where a patroller traverses a graph through edges to detect potential attacks at nodes. An attack takes a random amount of time to complete. The patroller takes one time unit to move to and inspect an adjacent node, and will detect an ongoing attack with some probability. If an attack completes before it is detected, a cost is incurred. The attack time distribution, the cost due to a successful attack, and the detection probability all depend on the attack node. The patroller seeks a patrol policy that minimizes the expected cost incurred when, and if, an attack eventually happens. We consider two cases. A random attacker chooses where to attack according to predetermined probabilities, while a strategic attacker chooses where to attack to incur the maximal expected cost. In each case, computing the optimal solution, although possible, quickly becomes intractable for problems of practical sizes. Our main contribution is to develop efficient index policies—based on Lagrangian relaxation methodology, and also on approximate dynamic programming—which typically achieve within 1% of optimality with computation time orders of magnitude less than what is required to compute the optimal policy for problems of practical sizes. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 61: 557–576, 2014     

具有适应值预测机制的遗传算法

针对适应值计算费时的优化问题,提出一种具有适应值预测机制的遗传算法:为了有效控制预测适应值的准确度和预测频率,建立了一个基于可信度概念的适应值预测模型,引入可信度流失机制以减少预测误差的传播和累积,引入冗余个体剔除机制以减少计算消耗。利用3个基准函数对算法进行收敛性和有效性的测试,测试结果表明算法对于3个测试函数均能获得满意的最优解,并且都能减少60%以上的真实适应值计算次数。     

惯导速度信息辅助的被动雷达导引头量测误差抑制方法

针对被动雷达导引头由于受空间限制测角精度不高的问题,提出了一种基于弹目信息状态变量的扩展卡尔曼滤波方法。通过弹目信息状态变量(弹目距离、弹目视线方位角、弹目视线俯仰角)描述弹目相对位置信息,利用惯导速度信息构建基于弹目信息状态变量变化率的弹目相对运动模型。所提方法充分利用信息资源,抑制导引头量测随机误差,对于提高导弹的打击精度和攻击效果,具有重要的实际应用价值,仿真试验证明该算法的有效性。     

惯性航向姿态系统初始对准仿真

惯性导航系统在使用前要进行初始对准,即建立导航坐标系.分别对粗对准和精对准进行了研究.粗对准就是由三个姿态角来得到初始姿态矩阵的过程.精对准就是卡尔曼滤波法.在静基座下对陀螺和磁罗盘组合的系统建立了十一维状态的模型,采用改进卡尔曼滤波方法进行精对准仿真研究,采取渐消记忆卡尔曼滤波以克服滤波发散.仿真结果表明,该滤波方法用于航向姿态系统对准具有较好效果.     

一种消除瞄准线漂移的实现方法

由地球自转引起的瞄准线漂移是坦克火控面临的棘手问题。提出了一种基于惯性姿态信息的瞄准线漂移抑制方法,借助车载惯导系统,获得瞄准镜的地理坐标和姿态信息,计算出地球自转角速率在瞄准镜坐标系上的分量。伺服系统依此向两个方向的控制通道增加补偿值,由此抵消地球自转的影响,乘员就会感到瞄准线始终对准目标,而不会产生偏离,因而省去了频繁调整的工作。该方法既可用于坦克作战训练,也可用于机载或舰载稳瞄装置的调试。     

舰船武器甲板位置点杆臂参数的测定

舰载武器发射或舰载武器惯导系统对准需要舰载惯导系统MINS的信息辅助,不同的安装位置使得它们之间存在较大的杆臂效应,在对杆臂效应补偿中需要三维杆臂尺寸参数,由于加工误差、安装误差及船体变形,使武器战位的实际杆臂参数偏离图纸计算值.通常舰载惯导舱室与甲板武器战位之间不能通视直接测量难度大.为提高杆臂效应补偿精度,提出了基于舰载惯导MINS及差分GPS辅助的测量方案.通过速度信息观测采用马尔科夫递推滤波器估计杆臂参数,仿真结果表明通过10min的测量可达到0.1m估计精度量级.     

任意同轴圆线圈互感系数的近似解析公式

为使任意大小、任意距离的两同轴圆线圈之间的互感系数能用关系简单明了的常用解析函数表示,先对用毕奥-萨伐尔定律导出的互感系数积分公式进行数值计算,然后通过对极端情况的分析和对非极端情况进行猜想,采用幂级数、指数、对数或其组合进行试探,再用数值计算验证,最终尝试性地分6种情形给出了两同轴圆线圈在任意大小、任意距离下（除两线圈几乎重合外）互感系数的近似解析表达式。函数表达式比较简单,物理意义比较明确,且相对误差在±5%以内。     

Strategic capacity decision‐making in a stochastic manufacturing environment using real‐time approximate dynamic programming

In this study, we illustrate a real‐time approximate dynamic programming (RTADP) method for solving multistage capacity decision problems in a stochastic manufacturing environment, by using an exemplary three‐stage manufacturing system with recycle. The system is a moderate size queuing network, which experiences stochastic variations in demand and product yield. The dynamic capacity decision problem is formulated as a Markov decision process (MDP). The proposed RTADP method starts with a set of heuristics and learns a superior quality solution by interacting with the stochastic system via simulation. The curse‐of‐dimensionality associated with DP methods is alleviated by the adoption of several notions including “evolving set of relevant states,” for which the value function table is built and updated, “adaptive action set” for keeping track of attractive action candidates, and “nonparametric k nearest neighbor averager” for value function approximation. The performance of the learned solution is evaluated against (1) an “ideal” solution derived using a mixed integer programming (MIP) formulation, which assumes full knowledge of future realized values of the stochastic variables (2) a myopic heuristic solution, and (3) a sample path based rolling horizon MIP solution. The policy learned through the RTADP method turned out to be superior to polices of 2 and 3. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 2010     

地炮火控系统一次调炮的实现

现代战争是速度战 ,要求速战速决。实现一次调炮能缩短地炮火控系统的调炮时间 ,提高整个武器系统的反应速度和战斗力。对地炮火控系统的一次调炮模型和控制方法作了介绍。通过一次调炮与二次调炮的比较 ,进一步证明了一次调炮的先进性。一次调炮模型适应任何压制兵器系统。