垂线偏差对捷联惯导姿态对准的影响和补偿

为研究垂线偏差对静基座捷联惯导精对准的影响,建立了考虑垂线偏差的捷联惯导误差方程,将重力扰动项分为引起比力测量偏差的部分g■和用于重力模型修正的部分δg~n,提出等效零偏■;基于考虑垂线偏差的静基座下Kalman滤波对准模型推导了姿态的极限对准精度,并给出提高水平姿态对准精度的最优垂线偏差补偿的表达式。仿真结果表明:垂线偏差主要影响惯导系统初始对准的姿态精度,尤其是水平姿态精度;但对捷联惯导系统进行垂线偏差补偿并不一定能提高姿态对准的极限精度,要根据垂线偏差的大小、方向具体分析;当按照最优垂线偏差补偿公式进行补偿时,能够最大程度地提高水平姿态对准精度。仿真结果与理论分析一致。     

车辆运动数学模型辅助的动基座对准方法

针对车载捷联惯导(SINS)在外部传感器失效时无法实现动基座对准的问题,提出了基于车辆运动模型辅助的动基座对准方法。与传统方法不同的是,该方法利用车辆在路面上的运动特性,利用车辆运动模型测得的虚拟观测量来提供辅助信息,从而实现SINS的动基座对准,仿真结果表明:对于中等精度惯导,在外部传感器失效时,利用车辆运动模型提供的辅助信息,水平对准精度为0.37°,方位对准精度为5.86°,对准时间小于150 s,依然能够快速有效地实现动基座对准。     

精确制导火箭弹传递对准研究

以常规火箭弹制导化改造过程中弹载捷联惯导的初始对准为背景,研究了利用发射车车载高精度定位定向系统作为主惯导,对火箭弹捷联惯导进行传递对准的速度加姿态匹配方案,介绍了在三轴转台上进行实验验证的方法、过程和结果。实验结果表明,该方案对准精度高、对准时间短、对准机动要求简单,可以有效完成制导火箭弹捷联惯导的初始对准。     

一种低精度捷联式惯导系统初始对准方法

捷联式惯导系统的对准,是指在系统进入工作前建立姿态矩阵的初始值。针对低精度捷联式惯导的初始对准,提出了基于捷联式惯导系统和双天线GPS测向系统组合的初始对准方案,并着重推导了失准角和陀螺常值漂移的计算过程,最后利用最小二乘法进行了实验验证,结果表明方法可行。     

惯导系统摇摆扰动基座对准技术

摇摆扰动基座上惯导系统初始对准扰动干扰信号强度较大,有用量测信号强度小,系统信噪比弱,对准过程滤波收敛慢.为提高惯导系统在摇摆扰动基座上的对准精度及对准快速性,设计了基于马尔科夫递推滤波参数估计的对准方案,通过开路粗对准及闭路精对准,实现游移方位惯导系统在扰动基座上的平台调平、航向确定及陀螺漂移测定,试验结果表明,所设计的方案达到了较好的效果.     

一种单轴旋转捷联惯导系统高精度快速对准方法

在晃动条件下,需要延长粗对准时间来提高粗对准精度。否则,无法把方位误差控制在小角度范围内,从而导致后续的精对准无法快速收敛。针对这个问题,提出了一种利用逆向导航技术的单轴旋转捷联惯导系统高精度快速对准方法,最大限度地延长粗对准时间,并把采样数据存储下来,进行逆向精对准。这种算法充分地利用了对准数据,在固定对准时间内极大程度的提高了对准精度。试验证明,这种算法计算量小,算法简单,能实现单轴旋转捷联惯导系统高精度快速对准,且对准精度高,具有一定的工程应用价值。     

基于全信息的捷联惯导初始对准方法

经典的基于速度误差信息观测捷联惯导初始对准在静止基座情况下,存在着对方位信息观测性差,对加速度计常值零偏无法观测等问题。从粗对准的思想出发,提出增加等效陀螺仪信息作为观测量的全信息初始对准方法。给出了观测量增息的方法及观测方程。采用逐步增息的方法,通过观察可观测性矩阵秩及奇异值分析方法对三种量测方法的观测性和观测度进行了对比分析。分析表明引入陀螺仪信息量测后,系统的方位误差观测性和加速度计常值偏置的观测性得到了提高。仿真结果表明该方法相对常规方法,对方位误差的估计精度及估计速度的提高效果显著。这对于在静止基座下缩短初始对准时间和提高对准精度具有十分重要的意义。     

捷联惯导系统快速自对准误差模型的建立

通过对惯性制导系统两个基本方程的研究,求出了各状态矢量在各坐标系下的微分方程,然后以ψ角法所确立的平台为基准,分别推导得出惯性制导系统各主要状态的微分方程,从而建立了捷联惯性制导系统的误差模型.最后根据静基座捷联惯导系统初始对准的特点对其进行简化,得到了静基座捷联惯导系统快速自对准的误差模型.     

车载激光捷联惯导系统的快速初始对准方法

首先建立了捷联惯导系统的误差模型,并对系统的误差模型进行了可观测性分析,然后针对车载激光捷联惯导系统的特点,采用卡尔曼滤波方法,对姿态误差角进行了估计,给出了方差仿真曲线.通过计算机仿真结果的分析,提出了一种快速估计方位失准角的方法,从而大大缩短了初始对准时间.仿真结果表明将该方法应用于车载激光捷联惯导系统初始对准中是有效的.     

自适应遗传算法捷联惯导系统初始对准

在基本遗传算法的基础上给出了一种适合于捷联惯导系统初始对准问题研究的自适应遗传算法,该算法适时调整遗传空间大小,以保证对准的速度.在选择操作中采用最优解保存策略.交叉概率和变异概率的适时变化使姿态信息具备更强的环境适应性.根据初始对准的特点,用地球重力加速度和自转角速度信息构造适应度函数.仿真结果证实了该算法在捷联惯导系统初始对准问题研究中的有效性.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.