激光制备多层结构的软质基底耐磨类金刚石膜

为提高金属铜软基底的耐磨、抗蚀能力,采用脉冲激光沉积技术制备了金属铜基底上的多层结构类金刚石保护膜;其中的碳化硅-类金刚石循环层避免了类金刚石膜层中内应力的累积,降低了功能类金刚石层破裂的风险,碳化硅持力层降低了软质铜基底与高硬度类金刚石层的硬度差,金属钛层则使得铜基底与上层碳化硅层牢固结合。实验测试表明,多层结构类金刚石保护膜在铜基底上附着牢固,可通过美军标MIL-48497A规定的重摩擦和国军标GJB150.5A-2009规定的高低温冲击试验,同时能够承受弱碱溶液的腐蚀;摩擦系数低、处于0.093以下,耐磨性能好、2 h摩擦未见磨痕。针对不同金属基底特性改进工艺,该技术可应用于存在腐蚀性环境中机械工具的抗磨保护膜。     

试验面选取对碳钢点蚀电位测量的影响

采用金相分析技术和准稳态极化试验研究了试样试验面选取对碳钢点蚀电位测量的影响.结果表明,当不同试验面的夹杂物形态有很大差异时,测得的点蚀电位有较明显的差异.     

Supercritical carbon dioxide as a new working medium for pneumatic launch: A theoretical study

Compared with the conventionally gaseous or liquid working media, the specific internal energy of supercritical carbon dioxide (SCD) is higher at the same temperature and pressure, and the critical temperature of carbon dioxide is close to room temperature, making SCD a potential new working medium for pneumatic launch. To analyze the feasibility of this conception, an analytical model of a pneumatic catapult is established on basis of the conservations of mass and energy. The model consists of a high-pressure chamber and a low-pressure chamber connected by multiple valves, and there is a movable piston in the low-pressure chamber that can push an aircraft to accelerate. The effects of the launch readiness state of SCD in the high-pressure chamber, the initial volume of the low-pressure chamber and the valve control on the movement of the aircraft are analyzed. It is found that there is a restrictive relation between the temperature and pressure of the launch readiness state of SCD, i.e., there is a maximum allowable launch readiness pressure when the launch readiness temperature is fixed. If this restrictive relation is not satisfied, the working medium in the low-pressure chamber will drop to its triple point within a few milliseconds, leading to a launch failure. Owing to this restrictive relation, there is an optimal launch readiness state of SCD with the highest working capacity for any allowable launch readiness temperature. The pressure of the low-pressure chamber will decrease significantly as the initial volume increases, leading to a decreased acceleration of the aircraft. The ac-celeration can be controlled below a critical value by a designed sequential blasting technique of multiple valves. The calculated results show that a 500 kg aircraft can be accelerated from 0 to 58 m/s in 0.9 s with 36 kg of carbon dioxide. This research provides a new technique for the controllable cold launch of an aircraft.     

一种新型甲醛气体清除材料的实验研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法将纳米TiO2负载在活性碳纤维上,制备出一种新型甲醛气体清除材料。在制备中依次掺杂Fe3+和十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)对纳米TiO2进行改性,研究了纳米TiO2光催化活性的变化,并测试了自制材料的甲醛清除效率。结果表明:Fe3+和SDBS的添加不会改变纳米TiO2的晶型结构,但有利于晶粒的成长和负载膜的光催化活性;添加体积分数分别为0.8%的Fe3+和3%的SDBS时,材料的甲醛清除效率最高。     

大温差条件下碳纤维混凝土无约束变形试验

为了研究碳纤维、聚酯纤维对混凝土在自由条件下的约束作用,通过设计对碳纤维混凝土、聚酯纤维混凝土和素混凝土加热放热试验,比较掺入不同纤维体积分数的纤维混凝土在大温差条件下无约束自由变形的差异,并用温度线膨胀系数表达。对试验数据进行分析,得到体积分数为1%的碳纤维混凝土比素混凝土抗自由变形能力提高了38.8%,在本试验的各种体积分数中效果最好。结果表明碳纤维与混凝土,虽然热力学性能不同,但是二者结合之后碳纤维因其高弹性模量的特性,反而可以更好地抑制混凝土自由变形。试验效果也表明,随着施工工艺的完善,碳纤维体积分数可能会超过1%,碳纤维对混凝土性能的提升仍然有很大的帮助。     

碳纤维混凝土单轴受压应力-应变本构关系

碳纤维混凝土受压应力-应变全曲线研究是对其基本力学性能进行全面认识的基础,也是表现碳纤维混凝土基本受压特性的综合宏观反映。对9组（碳纤维体积分数分别为0,0.2%,0.4%,0.6%,0.8%,1.0%,1.2%,1.4%,1.6%）碳纤维混凝土试件进行了立方体和棱柱体抗压强度试验,结果表明碳纤维混凝土立方体和棱柱体抗压强度随碳纤维体积分数的增加呈下降趋势,峰值应变随碳纤维体积分数的增加呈增大趋势。基于各体积分数碳纤维混凝土的棱柱体抗压强度和峰值应变的试验数据,拟合得到了棱柱体抗压强度和峰值应变与体积分数之间的函数表达式。利用微机控制电液伺服压力试验机测定了9组碳纤维混凝土应力-应变全曲线,参照非线弹性理论的混凝土单轴受压应力-应变本构模型,根据测得的全曲线应力-应变数据,拟合得到了应力-应变全曲线上升段表达式参数和下降段表达式参数,最后给出了基于碳纤维体积分数变化的碳纤维混凝土单轴受压应力-应变本构方程。     

激光制备高附着性能的铜基类金刚石膜

提升类金刚石(Diamond-Like Carbon, DLC)膜在被保护基底上的附着能力具有明显的实际应用价值。从微观机理上分析了前期设计的Cu基多层DLC膜有效性的原因。在此基础上,研究了DLC/SiC循环层中两者厚度比例对膜层的附着性能、纳米硬度和耐磨性的影响,以优化结构、进一步提升实际应用所需的膜层性能。纳米划痕和压痕测试结果表明:随着DLC层与SiC层厚度比例的增大,多层DLC膜在Cu基上附着性能逐渐降低,但当厚度比小于2.3时,仍接近厚度400 nm的单层DLC膜在Si基上的附着性能;Cu基多层DLC膜的纳米硬度逐渐提高,同时,耐磨性接近纯DLC膜。     

Cf/SiC复合材料制备过程对碳纤维的损伤

对几种类型的碳纤维在Cf/SiC复合材料制备工艺中的先驱体中氧含量及高温热处理和PCS浸渍裂解处理过程中造成的损伤进行了考察,并探讨了损伤机制.结果表明,碳纤维石墨化程度和表面状态的差别会对其在复合材料制备过程中的损伤程度产生影响.石墨化程度高的M40JB碳纤维损伤程度较大;表面呈活性的JC1#碳纤维对外界条件的变化较为敏感;而石墨化程度不高而表面不活泼的JC2#碳纤维则损伤程度较小且较稳定.     

固冲发动机补燃室凝相碳颗粒燃烧研究

应用改进的移动火焰锋面(MFF)模型,分析了环境压力、温度等参数对碳颗粒燃烧过程的影响。在此基础上,研究了固冲发动机补燃室内碳颗粒的燃烧过程,得到了固冲补燃室环境中的碳颗粒燃烧特性,并通过固冲直连式试验验证了数值模拟结果。结果表明:补燃室中大部分碳颗粒在进气道出口附近燃烧。