目标毁伤效果评估技术研究进展

目标毁伤效果评估作为目标保障的一项重要内容,对精确打击作战情报保障起到了核心作用,是现代精确打击体系的一个重要环节和关键步骤。文章从评估方法、评估模型和评估系统三个方面入手,梳理了国内外目标毁伤效果评估技术的最新研究进展,并对目前各类评估方法、模型及系统的优缺点分别进行了评述。最后,指出了该领域今后的研究方向。     

基于随机拟合的悬浮式深弹弹阵特征建模＊

通过分析悬浮式深弹发射后在空中的弹道特性,建立了深弹弹着点坐标的计算模型。采取蒙特卡洛方法,分别对舰艇六自由度状态下,单管和六联装火箭深弹的弹着点坐标进行了仿真计算,对弹着点的分布规律进行了研究,并得出弹着点的联合密度函数。结果表明,在发射参数存在正态扰动时,弹着点散布区域均呈椭圆形分布,弹着点坐标均仍服从正态分布。     

Deconsolidation and combustion performance of thermally consolidated propellants deterred by multi-layers coating

Both heating and solvent-spray methods are used to consolidate the standard grains of double-base oblate sphere propellants plasticized with triethyleneglycol dinitrate (TEGDN) (TEGDN propellants) to high density propellants. The obtained consolidated propellants are deterred and coated with the slow burning multi-layer coating. The maximum compaction density of deterred and coated consolidated propellants can reach up to 1.39 g/cm³. Their mechanic, deconsolidation and combustion performances are tested by the materials test machine, interrupted burning set-up and closed vessel, respectively. The static compression strength of consolidated propellants deterred by multi-layer coating increases significantly to 18 MPa, indicating that they can be applied in most circumstances of charge service. And the samples are easy to deconsolidate in the interrupted burning test. Furthermore, the closed bomb burning curves of the samples indicate a two-stage combustion phenomenon under the condition of certain thickness of coated multi-layers. After the outer deterred multi-layer coating of consolidated samples is finished burning, the inner consolidated propellants continue to burn and breakup into aggregates and grains. The high burning progressivity can be carefully obtained by the smart control of deconsolidation process and duration of consolidated propellants. The preliminary results of consolidated propellants show that a rapid deconsolidation process at higher deconsolidation pressure is presented in the dynamic vivacity curves of closed bomb test. Higher density and higher macro progressivity of consolidated propellants can be obtained by the techniques in this paper.     

Damage visualization and deformation measurement in glass laminates during projectile penetration

Transparent armor consists of glass-polymer laminates in most cases. The formation and propagation of damage in the different glass layers has a strong influence on the ballistic resistance of such laminates. In order to clarify the course of events during projectile penetration, an experimental technique was developed, which allows visualizing the onset and propagation of damage in each single layer of the laminate. A telecentric objective lens was used together with a microsecond video camera that allows recording 100 frames at a maximum rate of 1 MHz in a backlit photography set-up. With this technique, the damage evolution could be visualized in glass laminates consisting of four glass layers with lateral dimensions 500 mm × 500 mm. Damage evolution was recorded during penetration of 7.62 mm AP projectiles with tungsten carbide core and a total mass of 11.1 g in the impact velocity range from 800 to 880 m/s. In order to measure the deformation of single glass plates within the laminates, a piece of reflecting tape was attached to the corresponding glass plate, and photonic Doppler velocimetry (PDV) was applied. With the photonic Doppler velocimeter, an infrared laser is used to illuminate an object to be measured and the Doppler-shifted light is superimposed to a reference light beam at the detector. The simultaneous visualization and PDV measurement of the glass deformation allow determining the deformation at the time of the onset of fracture. The analysis of the experimental data was supported by numerical simulations, using the AUTODYN commercial hydro-code.     

基于贝叶斯网络的船舶动力装置战场损伤分析

针对船舶动力装置战场损伤特点,对其损伤分析进行了研究,提出了基于贝叶斯网络的动力装置战场损伤模型.以主机振动为例,分析了模型的建立、更新和完善等.分析结果表明,该模型和方法提高了船舶动力装置的战场损伤分析的速度和准确性.     

联合火力打击弹药需求计算动态模型研究

弹药是火力打击和火力毁伤的基础.传统的火力毁伤弹药需求计算主要有两种思路,一种是不考虑对抗,单纯基于目标的幅员和弹药的毁伤概率静态计算弹药的需求,一种是考虑对抗,运用兰切斯特方程计算弹药的消耗,这样求得的预测结果与实际需求均有较大的差距.研究发现,将基于目标打击的弹药需求和在对抗条件下武器损耗因素结合起来考虑,可以有机地将两种弹药消耗的计算思路融合在一起,建立新的数学模型,所得结果反映了弹药实际需求与外部因素的内在关系,与实际作战更加相符,对战时的弹药供应决策具有重要意义.     

序列近似优化方法及其在火箭外形快速设计中的应用

针对序列近似优化方法在代理模型构造与采样策略等方面的不足,基于采样点局部密度,引入与局部密度成反比的样本点影响体积概念,通过优化总影响体积确定径向基函数最优核宽度,满足序列近似优化过程不同规模、非均匀样本条件下的函数近似需要;建立潜在可行域最大距离加点准则,并与潜在最优加点准则结合平衡算法的探索能力与开发能力;建立三步收敛判定准则;构建改进序列近似优化的算法流程。对于Golinski减速器的优化设计问题,算法在目标函数调用42次后便搜索到全局最优解,体现了其良好的全局寻优能力与搜索效率。以"天航二号"火箭为例,建立其外形优化问题数学模型,所提优化方法在调用原始计算模型165次之后便搜索到全局最优解,大大提高了设计效率,同时飞行试验也表明设计结果满足要求。     

基于BP神经化贝叶斯网络的空袭目标毁伤效果评估

针对空袭目标毁伤因素的复杂多样性,以及贝叶斯网络在评估时对先验知识获取和对网络节点限制方面存在的不足,提出一种BP神经化贝叶斯网络的评估方法,解决空袭目标的毁伤问题。分析了空袭目标毁伤的影响因素,并进行了知识表示;分析了贝叶斯网络结构处理多个父节点问题时存在的几个缺陷,建立了空袭目标毁伤评估的BP神经化网络结构,给出了"BP神经化模块"的决策方法。通过实例分析,结合Netica仿真,验证了该评估方法的准确性,操作简单、有效性好。     

榴弹对行进中炮兵连射击的毁伤概率研究

炮兵实施机动是提高其生存能力与作战能力的重要手段之一,而从集结地域至待机阵地机动阶段由于距离对方近、暴露时间长,且对方毁伤火力种类最为丰富,是威胁最大的阶段.以机动自行和牵引炮兵连为研究对象,对该阶段榴弹攻击行进中炮兵连的毁伤概率进行了模拟分析.得到了对两者而言,当航路角<15°或>60°时,被毁伤概率都相对较小;当航路角在15°～60°之间时,被毁伤概率也都相对较大;而当航路角一定,被毁伤概率随速度的增大而减小,且当自行和牵引炮兵连的行军速度分别大于40 km/h和35 km/h,被毁伤概率的减小幅度趋于缓慢等结论.     

激光对富碳酸钡YBCO超导材料的改性

利用激光 (CO2 连续激光、YAG连续激光和脉冲激光 )对富碳酸钡YBCO超导材料进行辐照 ,并研究各种激光对超导块材临界电流密度Jc的影响。