用有限元法优化高射机枪结构设计

以某高射机枪为研究对象,采用有限元法对该枪进行建模,并用实验研究的结果检验和修改了理论模型。计算了该枪的结构动态特性和枪口动力响应,从改善射击精度的角度出发,通过对若干结构修改方案的模拟计算,提出了该枪结构修改的参考意见。     

光学表面的分形特点与模拟表征算法

根据光学表面在微观结构呈现出的自相似性,利用尺度无关的分形模型描述了其结构特征;采用结构函数法对抛光表面的分形维数进行计算,分析了粗糙度参数RMS值、误差波长、测量尺度、采样长度和采样点数对分形维数的影响规律。在此基础上,提出了采用一阶自回归分形模型对抛光表面进行模拟的新方法,分析了界定尺度、模型参数对分形特征和分形维数的影响规律。利用分形维数描述光学表面的微观结构具有评价方法简单、在一定范围内与测量尺度无关等优点。     

引入优化算子的无人机遗传航路规划算法研究

在大范围真实地形环境中规划出满足任务要求、导航、安全性等约束的较优航路,对提高无人机(UAV)的武器系统性能有重要意义。在基于直接航路编码的遗传算法中引入优化操作算子,将复杂约束合理地应用于遗传进化过程,可以较好地克服一般遗传操作的不足。采用均匀设计的试验方法确定较优的控制参数,并通过算例验证了算法的有效性。     

基于Hill方程的编队卫星群运动分析与轨道设计

从Hill方程出发 ,研究了绕飞轨道的性质及编队卫星群的轨道设计方法。从三方面对绕飞轨道进行了描述 :坐标平面投影 ,与坐标平面的夹角 ,绕飞轨道根数。编队卫星群的轨道设计分两步进行 :先求基本环绕卫星的轨道根数 ;再求其它环绕卫星的轨道根数。仿真结果表明 ,此方法适用于编队飞行的初步设计     

India nuclear weapons: No first use or no full disclosure?

This article argues India is laying the foundation to move away from “no-first-use” (NFU) as its nuclear weapons employment policy. Since the inception of its nuclear weapons program, India has claimed NFU as the centerpiece of its nuclear strategy. But India has a history of developing foundational changes to its nuclear weapons program before such changes actually occur. For example, the infrastructure of India’s nuclear weapons program was already being created in the 1950s under the guise of civilian nuclear power. Similarly, the weaponization of India’s program, which did not officially occur until after the 1998 tests, had its genesis in far earlier decisions. A close examination of trends in India’s nuclear weapons production complex, its delivery systems, and its command and control complex all lead to the conclusion that India is laying the groundwork for more flexible employment options, up to and including first use. This article does not argue such a decision has been taken. Rather, it argues the underpinning is in place to allow for a move to more flexible options, perhaps very quickly, at some point in the future. This could occur during crisis or it could occur incrementally over time.     

重力梯度对超大柔性空间结构在轨动力学特性的影响

空间太阳能电站是一种具有超大和高柔性特征的空间结构,这种空间结构在尺寸上远超以往的航天器,给轨道动力学特性的研究带来了新现象与新问题。以千米量级的哑铃模型为研究对象,考虑重力梯度影响,建立了Hamilton体系下的在轨动力学模型,利用辛龙格库塔法得到了不同参数取值下的动力学响应。通过对比仿真结果,得到了结构尺寸与重力梯度对轨道运动、姿态运动影响的定量关系。仿真结果表明,重力梯度引起了姿态-柔性振动耦合现象,姿态运动影响了结构振动曲线外部包络线样式,而柔性振动改变了姿态运动周期。     

多阶段任务系统可靠性分析的二元决策图模型

为了实现计算机自动生成多阶段任务系统的二元决策图可靠性模型,提出了二元决策图可靠性建模的通用方法。定义了嵌套的二元决策图数据结构BDD_Element,给出了二元决策图模型的描述和存储方法,提出了与门、或门和k/n表决门向二元决策图模型的自动转化算法。给出了建立多阶段任务系统二元决策图可靠性模型的2个步骤:基于逻辑门转化算法,将部件逻辑关系结构函数转化为阶段二元决策图模型;基于二元决策图布尔操作规则整合阶段二元决策图模型。卫星姿态调整任务的可靠性分析表明:该方法可以有效应用于多阶段任务系统的可靠性分析。     

Satellite constellation design for forest fire monitoring via a stochastic programing approach

There is significant value in the data collected by satellites during and after a natural disaster. The current operating paradigm in practice is for satellites to passively collect data when they happen to fly over a disaster location. Conversely, this article considers the alternative approach of actively maneuvering satellites to fly directly overhead of the disaster site on a routine basis. Toward this end, we seek to compute a satellite constellation design that minimizes the expected maneuver costs for monitoring an unknown forest fire. In this article, we present a 2‐stage stochastic programing model for this problem as well as a accelerated L‐shaped decomposition approach. A comparison between our approach and the current operating paradigm indicates that our solution provides longer duration data collections and a greater number of data collections. Analysis also shows that our proposed solution is robust over a wide array of scenarios.     

杠杆式抽筒子的动态特性研究及拓扑优化设计

针对杠杆式抽筒子工作时出现的断裂失效问题,以动力学和有限元理论为基础,分别进行抽筒子的动态特性研究和拓扑优化设计。得出其在抽筒过程中的动应力分布和危险区域,定性地确定出介质力学参数和工作参数的影响,获得了抽筒子的最佳材料布局和优化改进结构。优化前后抽筒子结构的对比仿真结果表明,改进结构能够使得应力集中危险区域仅为最大动应力降低10.6%的强撞击位置,其余部分均可转换为安全区域且结构刚度提升49%左右。所用方法有效可靠,为解决杠杆式抽筒子的断裂问题提供理论依据和技术手段。     

固定舵二维弹道修正组件结构模型

为了满足二维弹道修正组件小型化设计要求,设计了3种二维弹道修正组件模型,应用Solid Works软件和ICEM软件分别建立3种修正组件的实体模型和网格模型,并利用Fluent软件进行气动特性数值计算,将计算结果进行对比分析,得出不同修正组件模型参数对气动特性的影响。研究结果表明,修正组件尺寸的减小会增大阻力系数;舵片形状和尺寸对阻力系数和升力系数影响较小,但是对滚转力矩系数影响较大,矩形结构的舵片对舵片周围气动特性会产生不利影响;在满足修正要求的前提下,可以适当缩小舵片面积来降低舵机控制难度,提升飞行稳定性。