S-四嗪类高氮含能化合物的合成及性能

以3,6-对(3,5-二甲基吡唑)-S-四嗪(BT)为起始物,研究了S-四嗪类高氮含能化合物3-氨基-6-(3,5-二甲基吡唑)-S-四嗪(ADMPT)、3-肼基-6-(3,5-二甲基吡唑)-S-四嗪(HDMPT)、3,6-二氨基-S-四嗪(DATz)、3,6-二肼基-S-四嗪(DHTz)与3,3’-偶氮-(6-氨基-S-四嗪)(DAAT)的合成,经IR、元素分析、1HNMR、13CNMR等对其结构进行了表征和确认。对DHTz和DAAT的热分解性能进行了研究,由不同升温速率下的DSC实验获得了其热分解动力学参数。结果表明DAAT热稳定性好、能量高,在10℃/min升温速率下,DAAT在280℃开始分解,放热峰值330℃,放热峰的分解焓为1974.33J/g;DHTz在120℃开始分解,放热峰值159℃,放热峰的分解焓为1843.23J/g。同时,采用高温高压爆轰产物状态方程(VLW EOS)对DHTz和DAAT的爆轰性能进行了理论计算。     

Solution algorithms for the parallel replacement problem under economy of scale

We consider the parallel replacement problem in which machine investment costs exhibit economy of scale which is modeled through associating both fixed and variable costs with machine investment costs. Both finite- and infinite-horizon cases are investigated. Under the three assumptions made in the literature on the problem parameters, we show that the finite-horizon problem with time-varying parameters is equivalent to a shortest path problem and hence can be solved very efficiently, and give a very simple and fast algorithm for the infinite-horizon problem with time-invariant parameters. For the general finite-horizon problem without any assumption on the problem parameters, we formulate it as a zero-one integer program and propose an algorithm for solving it exactly based on Benders' decomposition. Computational results show that this solution algorithm is efficient, i.e., it is capable of solving large scale problems within a reasonable cpu time, and robust, i.e., the number of iterations needed to solve a problem does not increase quickly with the problem size. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 45: 279–295, 1998     

Attrition models of the Ardennes campaign

This paper revisits the modeling by Bracken [3] of the Ardennes campaign of World War II using the Lanchester equations. It revises and extends that analysis in a number of ways: (1) It more accurately fits the model parameters using linear regression; (2) it considers the data from the entire campaign; and (3) it adds in air sortie data. In contrast to previous results, it concludes by showing that neither the Lanchester linear or Lanchester square laws fit the data. A new form of the Lanchester equations emerges with a physical interpretation. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 45: 1–22, 1998     

平台式惯导系统初始对准最佳可观性分析

首先应用线性系统的奇异值分解理论对静基座初始对准的可观性及可观度进行了深入地分析.给出了不同奇异值下系统状态可观性状况的直方图,并且计算出不同状态组合时系统奇异值的大小及对可观性的影响.理论分析表明选取(△)N、(△)E、εE为不可观测时,系统的估计效果最好.其次采用卡尔曼滤波器对可观阵的秩为7的三种状态组合进行最优估计,仿真结果验证这种论断的正确性.最后从误差分析的角度阐述了这种论断的合理性.     

Decomposition-based approximation algorithms for the one-warehouse multi-retailer problem with concave batch order costs

We study the one-warehouse multi-retailer problem under deterministic dynamic demand and concave batch order costs, where order batches have an identical capacity and the order cost function for each facility is concave within the batch. Under appropriate assumptions on holding cost structure, we obtain lower bounds via a decomposition that splits the two-echelon problem into single-facility subproblems, then propose approximation algorithms by judiciously recombining the subproblem solutions. For piecewise linear concave batch order costs with a constant number of slopes we obtain a constant-factor approximation, while for general concave batch costs we propose an approximation within a logarithmic factor of optimality. We also extend some results to subadditive order and/or holding costs.     

Numerical simulation of the blast wave of a multilayer composite charge

The numerical simulation of a blast wave of a multilayer composite charge is investigated. A calculation model of the near-field explosion and far-field propagation of the shock wave of a composite charge is established using the AUTODYN finite element program. Results of the near-field and far-field calculations of the shock wave respectively converge at cell sizes of 0.25–0.5 cm and 1–3 cm. The Euler––flux-corrected transport solver is found to be suitable for the far-field calculation after mapping. A numerical simulation is conducted to study the formation, propagation, and interaction of the shock wave of the composite charge for different initiation modes. It is found that the initiation mode obviously affects the shock-wave waveform and pressure distribution of the composite charge. Additionally, it is found that the area of the overpressure distribution is greatest for internal and external simultaneous initiation, and the peak pressure of the shock wave exponentially decays, fitting the calculation formula of the peak overpressure attenuation under different initiation modes, which is obtained and verified by experiment. The difference between numerical and experimental results is less than 10%, and the peak overpressure of both internal and external initiation is 56.12% higher than that of central single-point initiation.     

耦合封闭声腔的主导声辐射模态确定方法

将在某一频率下或某一频段内对封闭声腔声势能起主要作用的一阶或几阶声辐射模态定义为耦合封闭声腔的主导声辐射模态。准确认定主导声辐射模态至关重要,直接影响有源控制效果。然而,现有的主导声辐射模态确定方法,要么仅考虑辐射效率的作用而忽视模态幅度的影响,要么就需要用到结构模态信息,难以实现工程应用。基于此,综合运用计算和测试手段,全面考虑辐射效率和模态幅度两个因素,提出了一种基于“初选—预留—后验”的主导声辐射模态确定方法,并通过实验研究证明了该方法的有效性和可行性。结果表明：提出的确定方法能够准确认定主导声辐射模态,确定过程中不需要用到辐射体的结构模态信息,可用于指导控制目标选取或重构封闭声腔声势能。     

伺服电机积分型SMC速度控制策略

为解决伺服电机控制系统输出转速可控性差、波动大、动态响应慢等问题,提出积分型滑模变结构控制策略,设计负载转矩观测器解决控制过程中的负载扰动问题,基于Simulink搭建永磁同步电机速度控制系统仿真模型,搭建电机测试系统台架对控制系统的稳态性能和动态性能进行试验验证。研究结果表明,相比于传统比例积分微分控制和普通滑模变结构控制(Sliding Mode variable structure Control, SMC),所设计的控制策略能够使控制系统达到稳态时速度波动较小,鲁棒性较好,抑制了SMC的抖振现象。     

近地卫星Ka频段数传链路抗雨衰自适应模式设计

针对近地卫星数传时的信道时变性和严重的Ka频段雨衰现象,采用自适应编码调制(Adaptive Coding and Modulation, ACM)技术能够充分利用链路资源,相对于传统的固定编码调制方式,进一步提高链路的数据吞吐量。提出近地卫星Ka频段数传链路ACM模式设计方法,在降雨环境下建立Ka频段数传链路模型,根据链路预算的信道状况确定ACM选用模式;采用基于导频符号的最大似然信噪比估计算法结合移动平均的平滑方法实现信道估计,有效地减小了估计值的波动。仿真结果表明,无论晴天还是雨天,采用提出的卫星数传链路ACM模式设计方法,能够在保证系统可靠性的同时获取较高的数据吞吐量。     

引导方式的代价评估

引导方式的选择是超视距舰舰导弹攻击中最重要的决策问题。它牵动到兵力的使用问题,是目前作战部队急待解决的重点课题之一。传统的评估方法往往只侧重最终的数学结果而忽视对评估过程的揭示,难以被部队指挥员接受,从而影响了数学评估在作战指挥中的应用。给出了引导方式损益评估中代价评估的方法。该方法采用表格作业方式,可帮助指挥员全面掌握决策要素,自主控制各因素的作用,符合部队指挥员对决策透明的要求。计算过程简洁,易于在部队推广使用。