基于加权双曲线定位的DV-Hop改进算法

针对基于双曲线定位的DV-Hop算法中误差项的异方差性引起的定位误差大的问题,提出了一种基于加权双曲线定位的DV-Hop改进算法。算法分析了基于双曲线定位的DV-Hop算法模型中误差项的异方差性,用加权最小二乘法对异方差性进行纠正,对加权最小二乘法中的权值矩阵进行了理论推导并得到与跳数相关的最佳权值矩阵,使得误差项满足同方差性,所得估计值接近最佳线性无偏估计。仿真结果表明,所提算法在定位精度上较目前常见的基于双曲线定位的DV-Hop算法都有一定提高。     

基于蒙特卡罗方法的多散射修正模型

针对现有的基于蒙特卡罗方法的非视线传输模型的不足和局限性,提出了基于蒙特卡罗方法的多散射修正模型,给出了模型的数学描述。利用坐标系变换方法,得出了光子迁移的坐标递推公式。设计了接收判断机制,给出了到达时间的计算公式。通过跟踪大量光子的随机迁移,验证了光子传输的多散射现象。绘制了接收天线功率密度曲线,模拟了脉冲展宽效应。比较结果表明,在满足单散射近似的条件下,该模型与Luett-gen单散射模型吻合较好;在不满足单散射近似条件时,该模型得出的接收功率密度大于Luettgen单散射模型的接收功率密度,分析了结果的正确性,并指出了现有模型信道零延迟的错误。理论分析表明,模型能准确反映信道的时延特性。     

基于机器翻译的原型句蜕及其包装研究

首先简要介绍了HNC理论及其机器翻译观,结合机器翻译的难点与原型句蜕存在的普遍性,说明了解决原型句蜕变换的意义:接着对原型句蜕构成现象进行了描述,从汉英语义块构成对比分析中导出了汉英变换规则;从现有的机器翻译系统所暴露的问题中,说明原型句蜕变换对提高机器翻译质量的必要性和可行性;最后是对本文的结论和说明。     

Effect of bending temperatures on the microstructure and springback of a TRIP steel sheet

Transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) steel possesses high strength and formability, enabling the use of a thinner gauge material and allowing for the fabrication of complex shapes. In this research, we measured the effect of bending temperatures on the microstructure and air-bending springback angle of TRIP steel at temperatures from 25 to 600 °C. Real-time in situ X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used for pre- and postbending analysis. As the prebending temperature increased from 25 °C to 600 °C, the retained austenite (RA) volume fraction decreased, and the RA transformed to bainite at temperatures above 400 °C. The springback angle was positively correlated with the prebending RA volume fraction, with the smallest springback angle achieved at 400 °C. Additionally, the springback angle was positively correlated with the bending angle, because the RA transformation ratio contributed to increased strain hardening. Further microstructure analysis revealed that the RA became elongated in the tension direction as the bending temperatures increased.     

氧化锆陶瓷Ⅱ-Ⅲ复合型裂纹的综合相变增韧作用

采用综合相变准则和应变能释放率判据对氧化锆陶瓷Ⅱ-Ⅲ复合型裂纹的增韧结果进行了理论计算。分别给出了静止裂纹和定常扩展裂纹相变增韧的理论表达式。结果表明:综合相变对静止裂纹有微小的负屏蔽效应,对扩展裂纹的增初结果与材料的剪切模量、相变尾区高度和相变体积分数成正比,并且增韧值随着K_Ⅲ/K_Ⅱ比值的增大而减小,表明相变对Ⅱ型裂纹的增韧效果相对Ⅲ型裂纹更显著。     

坦克射击命中判断仿真

实时仿真系统中关于坦克炮射击命中判断仿真的方法还不成熟,通过对实时解弹道法和随机模拟法的比较,根据坦克射击误差的随机正态分布规律,依据目标几何模型和空间姿态,通过目标坐标变换.提出了在投影平面上采用统计抽样的方法确定瞄准点和弹着点.此法可以真实模拟射弹散布规律,仿真结果真实可靠,运算简便、快捷,可以满足实时仿真的要求,而且可以推广到坦克等类似系统上使用.     

水下纯方位目标运动分析的UKF滤波算法

Unscented卡尔曼滤波(UKF)是一种新的非线性滤波算法,在U变换(unscented transformation)的基础上,获得纯方位条件下的UKF算法.最后,针对水下纯方位目标运动建立系统模型并进行仿真,仿真结果表明,UKF的滤波精度、稳定性和收敛时间都优于EKF,还可避免计算烦琐的Jacobin矩阵或Hessian矩阵,给计算带来了极大的方便.     

美军作战概念开发特点及启示

创新军事思想、开发作战概念是推进军事转型和部队建设的关键抓手。美军秉承“创新提炼—集智研讨—实验验证”的作战概念开发机制，采取聚焦联合作战概念开发，以作战能力需求为牵引，通过突破前沿技术和研发关键装备，以法规制度和标准规范为强制约束的做法对于军队转型建设具有重要启示。本文提出，应着眼于军队的使命任务，强化军队作战概念设计，创新作战概念研究方式，形成“聚焦使命任务—研讨演示概念—体系设计概念—检验优化概念—形成概念产品—指导建设实践”的作战概念开发途径，支撑作战概念创新和前瞻性探索研究，并加强体制机制和标准规范建设，通过对作战概念开发的整体设计和约束规范，提升前瞻作战概念对作战实践的创新引领作用，加速推进军队转型建设。     

军队科研机构推进国防知识产权转化运用

军队科研机构作为国家科技创新体系的重要组成部分,承担了大量科技创新任务,产生了许多具有自主知识产权的高水平科技成果,推动军队科研机构国防知识产权转化运用,是贯彻军民融合发展战略的必要途径。分析了军队科研机构国防知识产权转化的现状及制约转化的现实障碍,并结合实际探讨了推进军队科研机构国防知识产权转化的建议举措。     

New sources of military change – armed forces as normal organizations

The literature on how European states have adapted to the post-cold war security environment ffocuses invariably on different understandings of military transformation, a process which is seen as inherently different from other forms of organizational change. However, as this paper argues, new management practices, going back to the introduction of so-called New Public Management (NPM) reforms throughout Europe in the 1980s, have eventually penetrated also the last bastion of the old state – the defense sector. Taking a critical approach to the idea of military transformation and existing theories of military change, the paper demonstrates how other international developments have pushed towards what may be seen as a “normalization” of Europe’s defense sectors. This has important implications for how we approach and understand change in contemporary defense organizations.