Models and algorithms for shuffling problems in steel plants

In this article, we study item shuffling (IS) problems arising in the logistics system of steel production. An IS problem here is to optimize shuffling operations needed in retrieving a sequence of steel items from a warehouse served by a crane. There are two types of such problems, plate shuffling problems (PSP) and coil shuffling problems (CSP), considering the item shapes. The PSP is modeled as a container storage location assignment problem. For CSP, a novel linear integer programming model is formulated considering the practical stacking and shuffling features. Several valid inequalities are constructed to accelerate the solving of the models. Some properties of optimal solutions of PSP and CSP are also derived. Because of the strong NP‐hardness of the problems, we consider some special cases of them and propose polynomial time algorithms to obtain optimal solutions for these cases. A greedy heuristic is proposed to solve the general problems and its worst‐case performances on both PSP and CSP are analyzed. A tabu search (TS) method with a tabu list of variable length is proposed to further improve the heuristic solutions. Without considering the crane traveling distance, we then construct a rolling variable horizon heuristic for the problems. Numerical experiments show that the proposed heuristic algorithms and the TS method are effective. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2012     

激光辐照下45#钢板响应特性

采取实验和数值模拟相结合的方法对激光辐照45#钢板的响应特性进行研究。基于连续光纤激光发射系统,开展钢板的激光辐照实验,得到温度场分布及靶板的烧蚀穿孔特性;基于ANSYS建立靶板有限元模型,模拟激光辐照下靶板的热响应过程,得到了靶板厚度、激光功率和光斑直径等因素对靶板温度分布及靶板穿孔特性的影响规律。     

火场中的金属变形及其在火灾勘查中的证明作用

火场当中,钢质材料的存在形式很多,常见的有五种特殊存在形式竖直承重、竖直不承重、竖直悬挂、水平悬空和水平放置.研究钢质材料这五种存在形式在火场当中的变形,有助于对起火点的认定和火灾发展蔓延方向的分析.     

铝合金-纯铝-钢复合板爆炸焊接试验及性能研究

通过设计爆炸焊接试验复合了铝合金-纯铝-钢爆炸复合板,对其界面形态、显微硬度及力学性能进行了研究。结果表明,铝合金-纯铝界面纯规则正弦波形,纯铝-钢复合板界面波形较小,铝合金-纯铝-钢复合板的界面剪切强度在75 MPa以上,爆炸复合过程中,纯铝与钢界面生成了金属间化合物,其界面处基体金属发生强烈的塑性变形。复合板变形及组织变化的结果造成复合板界面处的显微硬度最高,随着距界面距离的增加,两侧基体金属的硬度逐渐降低。     

低速冲击下玻璃钢/钢复合结构损伤特性实验研究

考虑基体材料的不同增韧特性,针对两种不同的玻纤织物增强复合材料/钢复合结构进行低速冲击实验,采用超声波探伤仪对玻璃钢损伤区域进行了探测.结果表明,采用增韧基体的玻璃钢/钢复合结构在低速冲击下玻璃钢层的抗冲击能力更强,相同能量冲击下的损伤面积更小;损伤面积近似呈正方形分布,正方形对角线与纤维方向一致.     

低合金船体钢点蚀敏感性的研究

通过极化试验比较了4种含有不同合金元素的低合金钢的点蚀诱发敏感性,并用电子探针对钢中的主要夹杂物及点蚀诱发后的腐蚀形态作了鉴定.结果表明:镍-铬系钢比锰系钢具有更好的耐点蚀性能;点蚀总是从夹杂物与周围钢基体毗邻的界面处开始诱发;含有硫化物的复相夹杂对点蚀的敏感性更强.     

陶瓷内衬组合钢管的应力分析

利用厚壁和薄壁圆筒应力分析理论对陶瓷内衬组合钢管的应力进行了分析,并给出当钢管直径一定的情况下,确定陶瓷最小壁厚的一种方法。